1. Basic MS-DOS

2. Tim Paterson
- Original author of MS-DOS
- graduated from U of Washington in 1978
- worked as an engineer in Seattle Computer Products
- designed an 8086 CPU card for S-100 Bus in May 1979
- began designing DOS in 1980 after IBM had released
their new 8086 microprocessor (16-bit)
objectives in design of DOS
- as simple as possible
- make it fast and efficient
- written in 8086 assembly language

3. In college, Paterson wrote a multi-tasking operating system for the Z80 microprocessor as a term project. Therefore, Paterson had confidence in writing an OS for 8086 computer. Patterson spent half of his time working on Qdos from April to July, QDOS was completed in July, 1980.

4. History
MS-DOS 1.0 was released in August 1981, and was updated until April 1994 when it was replaced by Windows 95
All versions of windows still contain some type of DOS, in windows 95 and 98 you can go to run and type command to get to DOS prompt, in NT, 2000, and XP you can type CMD and get DOS.

5. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY Date Version Release August 12, 1981
DOS 1.0 – IBM’s release
Used Patterson’s 86-DOS
May 1982
DOS 1.1
IBM’s release of DOS to handle new double-sided drives
August 1982
DOS 1.25 Microsoft’s own release of DOS 1.1
March 1983
DOS 2.0 for IBM’s PC-XT
Support 10MB hard drives, 3-internal expansion slots, hierarchical tree structure

6. DEVELOPMENTS cont. Date Version Release March 1984
DOS 2.1 IBM’s release
Handled hardware errors called PCjr
1984
DOS 2.11 Microsoft’s release
Added international time, date, currency, and keyboard support.
DOS 3.0 for IBM’s 16-bit PC-AT system
Support 1.2MB diskettes and hard drives over 10MB. Designed by Microsoft to support IBM network hardware
November 1984
DOS 3.1
Provided better aliasing – made DOS treat directories as drives. Handled network hardware

7. DEVELOPMENTS cont. Date Version Release January 1986 DOS 3.2
Introduced and provided support of 3-1/2 floppies and 720K disk
April 1987
DOS 3.3 IBM’s release
FDISK can be used to create 32MB or smaller logical drives from extended partitions
1987
DOS 3.30 Compaq’s release
Support 1.44MB diskettes and multiple 32MB disk partitions
November 1987
DOS 3.31 Compaq’s release
Support drives greater than 32MB

8. DEVELOPMENTS cont. Date Version Release July 1988
DOS 4.0 IBM’s release
Added a DOS Shell interface and support for disk partitions greater than 32MB. Provided support for mouse and graphical interfaces.
November 1988
DOS Fixed bugs introduced in 4.0
June 1991
MS-DOS 5.0 Microsoft’s release
Allowed DOS to reside in area above 640K memory. Provided support for loading device drivers. Provided an improved DOS Shell
March 1993
DOS 6.0 Microsoft’s release
Introduced DoubleSpace disk compression

9. DEVELOPMENTS cont. Date Version Release November 1993
DOS 6.2 Microsoft’s release
February 1994
DOS 6.21 Microsoft’s release
Removed DoubleSpace disk compression
June 1994
DOS 6.22 Microsoft’s release
Introduced “DriveSpace” disk compression
April 1995
DOS 7.0 IBM’s release
August 1995
DOS 7.0 Microsoft's release

10. Basic Structure Most DOS commands use the same structure
Command Source Destination /Switch
The switch will give options to the command
Example COPY A:\file.txt c:\ /v
/v will verify if the file copied correctly

11. MS-DOS Prompt The prompt in MS-DOS displays your current directory
C:\dos\commands> means you are in that directory, and any command you use will apply to the current directory unless you specify a different one.

12. DOS Naming
The file name cannot be longer then 8 characters, and extensions cannot be longer then 3 characters.
Characters like * + = | \ [ ] : ; “ < > , ? / cannot be used in DOS names.

13. Wildcard characters
Wildcard character will replace a single letter, or word with a wild character
* will replace any amput of characters, and ? Will replace one.
Example: copy a:/*.txt c:/ will copy all text files to drive c:/
Example 2: copy a:/?????.txt c:/ will copy any 5 letter text file to c:/

14. Basic Commands CD CD- Change directory
You use this command when you want to change the directory.
Example: CD C:\DOS will bring you to the dos folder

15. Basic Commands CD.. CD.. - brings you to the previous directory.
Example: if you are in C:\DOS\FOLDER
CD.. Will bring you to C:\DOS

16. Basic Commands COPY
COPY will copy the file from one location to another
Example COPY A:\file.txt c:\ will copy the file from a:\ to c:\

17. Basic Command XCOPY
XCOPY can move files, directories, and whole drives from one location to another, It is more powerful then the copy command, and has a lot of switches.

18. Basic Commands DIR
DIR will display the contents of the folder

19. Basic Command DEL
DEL will delete a file or an empty directory from the drive

20. Basic Command EDIT
EDIT will open a text file

21. Basic Commands MOVE
MOVE will move the file or directory from one location to another
Example: MOVE a:\file.txt c:\file.txt will move the file to the c:\ drive

22. Basic Commands REN REN will rename the file
Example : REN file.txt myfile.txt will rename the file.txt to myfile.txt

23. Basic Commands MD MD is used to make a directory (folder) in MS-DOS.
Example: MD myfolder will make a folder called myfolder in current directory

24. Basic Commands DELTREE
DELTREE command will delete the folder and all of its contents, including other folders.
Example: DELTREE C:\myfolder will delete the folder and all the contents.

25. Basic Command TREE
TREE shows you all of the folders and files in current directory like explorer in windows.

26. Basic Commands CLS
CLS Will clear the contents of the screen

27. Attributes
Attributes are the properties of a file such as hidden, read-only, archive or system file.
In MS-DOS you can view/change attributes with the attrib command.
Example: attrib +r file.txt will make the file read-only.

28. The Help Switch /?
You can use the help switch with any command. It will give you the command structure, and the availible switches.

29. DOS Internal Structure
The structure of Disk Operating System for IBM PC-compatible computers can be broken down into four distinct components:
BIOS Module
Kernel
Command Processor
External Commands

30. The BIOS Module
The BIOS module includes the default resident drivers for:
Console display and keyboard (CON)
Line printer (PRN)
Auxiliary device (AUX)
Date and time (CLOCK)
Boot disk device (block device)
It also accomodates installable drivers (DEVICE=commands in CONFIG.SYS), such as:
MOUSE.SYS
ANSI.SYS
386EMM.SYS
CLOCK.SYS, etc.

31. The DOS Kernel The DOS Kernel performs the following functions:
File and record management
Memory management
Character device input/output
Spawning other programs
Access to real-time clock
The DOS kernel components are contained in the MSDOS.SYS (or IBMDOS.COM) system file. Programs communicate with the kernel via software interrupts.

32. The Command Processor
The command processor is also known as the shell, or the command interpreter.
The command processor is responsible for parsing and carrying out user commands, including the loading and execution of other programs from disk
The command processor also includes the code for many of the most commonly-used DOS commands, known as the internal commands.

33. Thank You