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Greek Empire of Alexander 334 BCE, Greek Empire Rises Alexander the Great Invades Judah Hellenization After Alexander’s death, series of Generals rule
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Septuagiant Greek translation of the Bible, 250 BCE Spreads the Jewish faith to those outside Israel New Testament will be written in Greek
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Hellenization in Judah Culture clash Alexander’s Generals left in charge Jewish Aristocracy embraces Hellenistic culture Temple converted ZEUS King of the Greek gods
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Maccabean Revolt 166 BCE – 142 BCE Mattathias Maccabees 5 Sons Judas Maccabees Retake temple: Hanukah
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Chapter 2 Mathias encouraging his sons Salvation history
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Retake Temple Rededicate the temple to Yahweh Hanukkah Feast of Rededication
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Hasmonean Dynasty Maccabean family establishes themselves as King and High priest of Israel Under Hyrcanus, huge expansion Legitimacy questioned
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Major Groups in Judah Fighting for Power Pharisees Scribes Essences Sadducees
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Pharisees Formed during Babylonian Exile Jews cut off from the temple Concentrated on Torah Pharisees led the community in synagogues Today known as Rabbis
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Scribes Recorders of the law and history of the people Keepers of Jewish traditions
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Essences Retreated from society Believed the end of the world was close Dwelt in caves along the Deadsea Authors of the Deadsea scrolls Believed mainstream society was going to hell
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Sadducees Temple Aristocracy Priestly function Only believed in first 5 books of the Torah Rejected Resurrection Appealed to outside powers
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Rome Changing from Republic to Empire Invited by Sadducees 63 BCE Rome invades Select a Jewish king in 37 BCE: Herod
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Herod the Great Client Kings put into power by Rome Herod Restores temple to former glory Cruel and tyrannical ruler Expectation from Jews that salvation will soon be at hand
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Herodian Dynasty Several Sons Herod Archelaus: Judah Herod Anitpas: Galilee Archelaus replaced by Roman Governor: Pontius Pilate
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