1. Development

2. ‘PIES’
P = Physical
I = Intellectual
E = Emotional
S = Social

3. Physical Development…
Includes growth and maturation of bones, muscles, motor skills, and senses

4. Intellectual Development…
includes the maturation of mental processes such as learning, imagination, memory and perception

5. Emotional Development…
Includes the maturation and evolution of emotions, social skills, identity, personality, and morals

6. Social Development…
Includes the evolution of knowledge of how people interact, play, share, take turns, or talk socially

7. Characteristics of Development
Development is similar for everyone
Children go through the same stages in about the same order
i.e. – all babies stand
before they can walk

8. Development builds on earlier learning
Development is step-by-step or ‘sequential’ in nature
The skills learned at one stage build directly on those mastered earlier
i.e. – a child must learn to walk before running
i.e. – a child learns sounds before words

9. Development proceeds at an individual rate
The rate of growth differs from one child to another

10. The different areas of development are interrelated
Changes take place in many areas at the same time
One area of development impacts another
i.e. – learning to walk helps to develop the opportunity to learn to speak

11. Development is continuous throughout life
Development may be slow at some times and rapid at others, but it never stops

12. Growth vs. Maturation
Growth refers to physical size, like height and weight

13. Maturation refers to a series of biological changes in a child providing new abilities
Much of maturation depends on changes in the brain & the nervous system enabling children to have improved thinking & motor skills
Children must mature to a certain point before they can gain some skills (Piaget)

14. i.e. – the brain of a 4 month old child has not matured enough to allow the child to use language (they are capable of making gutteral sounds only like babbling)

15. Development depends upon maturation
All children develop at their own rate
Both growth and maturation are controlled by hereditary factors, but are also influenced by the environment in which the individual is living

16. Example Observe grade 9 versus grade 12 boys…
grade 9 boys often have larger hands and feet in proportion to their bodies; they may have some degree of awkwardness – they are growing, but not yet matured
Grade 12 boys typically have more coordination because their body parts are more proportionate – they have grown AND matured

17. It ain’t easy bein’ a teen…