1. Simpified Modelling of the PE / LENP transition Grenoble, May 9 2006

2. © 2005 – Arcelor – All rights reserved for all countries Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Arcelor CONFIDENTIAL – Privileged Information - Arcelor's proprietary information Growth of ferrite  Models Based on carbon diffusion in austenite  Finite difference scheme 2 thermodynamic bounds possible  LENP  Para-equilibrium  Mixed mode + dissipation in interface Spherical geometry Initial system  Austenite homogeneous carbon rich  Radius determine by the size of the system and the fractions Radius = 0.5 * distance between centers of 2 ferrite grains~4µm

3. © 2005 – Arcelor – All rights reserved for all countries Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Arcelor CONFIDENTIAL – Privileged Information - Arcelor's proprietary information Growth of ferrite  Development of a mixed mode model : comparison PE, LENP, mixed mode PE  spike %C CC %Mn  Mn  LENP  spike %C CC %Mn  Mn  Mixed  spike %C CC %Mn  Mn 

4. © 2005 – Arcelor – All rights reserved for all countries Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Arcelor CONFIDENTIAL – Privileged Information - Arcelor's proprietary information Growth of ferrite  Condition at interface  LENP = PE + dissipation of energy in the spike  Idea: dissipation in the spike can vary between 0 and the LENP value G C At. fraction GG C  LEN P C  PE C  PE C  LENP GG Dissipation

5. © 2005 – Arcelor – All rights reserved for all countries Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Arcelor CONFIDENTIAL – Privileged Information - Arcelor's proprietary information Growth of ferrite  Flux through the interface  Driving force for jump of 1 mole through the interface  Hypothesis: no accumulation in interface in function of time Dissipation = Dissipation spike + dissipation interface  Extreme cases PE: dissipation = 0 L int ~∞ LENP: dissipation=dissipation LENP

6. © 2005 – Arcelor – All rights reserved for all countries Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Arcelor CONFIDENTIAL – Privileged Information - Arcelor's proprietary information Growth of ferrite  LENP case Lint~0 Assumed to be constant

7. © 2005 – Arcelor – All rights reserved for all countries Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Arcelor CONFIDENTIAL – Privileged Information - Arcelor's proprietary information Growth of ferrite  Mixed case V>> -> PE V LENP Transition from PE to LENP function of Lint and v

8. © 2005 – Arcelor – All rights reserved for all countries Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Arcelor CONFIDENTIAL – Privileged Information - Arcelor's proprietary information Estimation for Lint  Lint Assumption: related to grain boundary diffusion

9. © 2005 – Arcelor – All rights reserved for all countries Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Arcelor CONFIDENTIAL – Privileged Information - Arcelor's proprietary information Examples  0.1%C, 1%Mn, R=10µm, 1°C/s, 3D

10. © 2005 – Arcelor – All rights reserved for all countries Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Arcelor CONFIDENTIAL – Privileged Information - Arcelor's proprietary information Comparison with work of C. Hutchinson (2003)  Lambda~100

11. © 2005 – Arcelor – All rights reserved for all countries Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Arcelor CONFIDENTIAL – Privileged Information - Arcelor's proprietary information Growth of ferrite  Estimation from intercritical annealing (RFCS project) SteelCMnSiCrMo 10.091.40.150.75/ 20.141.460.450.20.07

12. © 2005 – Arcelor – All rights reserved for all countries Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Arcelor CONFIDENTIAL – Privileged Information - Arcelor's proprietary information Growth of ferrite  Comparison with experimental results (martensite fraction) CompositionHolding T (°C)Quench Temperature (°C) Cooling rate (°C/s) MeasuredLENPPE aMixed mode 1800 WQ 55/// 180067510 15251120 180055010 1357 180067525 23311118 180055025 111458 180067590 19431632 180067590 1725713 2810 WQ 50/// 28107003 19411929 28106003 13171015 2810203 14 (*)1410 2840 WQ 100/// 284073010 82963274 284064010 14381320 284054010 1122811 Better description with the mixed mode than with LENP or PE hypothesis

13. © 2005 – Arcelor – All rights reserved for all countries Cannot be disclosed, used, or reproduced without prior written specific authorization of Arcelor CONFIDENTIAL – Privileged Information - Arcelor's proprietary information Conclusion  Simplified mixed mode model has been developed, with only computation of carbon diffusion  Fitting of the interface condition is based on grain boundary conditions  Possibility to reproduce with a good agreement the experimental results of C.Hutchinson between LENP and PE.  Perspective Determination of the size of the cell remains the key parameter to master the phase transformation kinetics.