1. Steve Holmes and Brendan Casey DPF Project X Forum August 10, 2011 Project X: A 5 MW Proton Accelerator Accelerator and Particle Physics

2. Project X Mission Elements A neutrino beam for long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments  2 MW proton source at 60-120 GeV High intensity, low energy protons for kaon, muon, and neutrino based precision experiments  Operations simultaneous with the neutrino program A path toward a muon source for possible future Neutrino Factory and/or a Muon Collider  Requires ~4 MW at ~5-15 GeV Possible missions beyond EPP  Standard Model Tests with nuclei and energy applications DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 2

3. Project X Reference Design DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 3 3 MW @ 3 GeV 200 kW @ 8 GeV 2 MW @ 120 GeV

4. Reference Design Capabilities 3 GeV CW superconducting H- linac with 1 mA average beam current.  Flexible provision for variable beam structures to multiple users CW at time scales >1  sec, 10% DF at <1  sec  Supports rare processes programs @ 3 GeV/3 MW  Provision for 1 GeV extraction for nuclear energy program 3-8 GeV pulsed linac capable of delivering 350 kW at 8 GeV  Supports neutrino program @ 80 – 200 kW  Establishes a path toward a muon based facility Upgrades to the Recycler and Main Injector to provide ≥ 2 MW to the neutrino production target at 60-120 GeV.  Utilization of a CW linac creates a facility that is unique in the world, with performance that cannot be matched in a synchrotron-based facility. DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 4

5. Performance Goals DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 5 Linac Particle TypeH - Beam Kinetic Energy3.0GeV Average Beam Current1mA Linac pulse rateCW Beam Power3000kW Beam Power to 3 GeV program2870kW Pulsed Linac Particle TypeH - Beam Kinetic Energy8.0GeV Pulse rate10Hz Pulse Width4.4msec Cycles to MI6 Particles per cycle to MI2.6  10 13 Beam Power to 8 GeV350kW Upgraded Beam Power to 8 GeV4 MW Main Injector/Recycler Beam Kinetic Energy (maximum)120GeV Cycle time1.4sec Particles per cycle1.6  10 14 Beam Power at 120 GeV2200kW simultaneous

6. Siting DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 6 CW Linac 8 GeV Linac 3 GeV Experimental Area

7. Beam Configurations 3 GeV Operating Scenario 1  sec period at 3 GeV Muon pulses (16e7) 81.25 MHz, 100 nsec @ 1MHz700 kW Kaon pulses (16e7) 20.3 MHz1540 kW Nuclear pulses (16e7) 10.15 MHz770 kW Separation scheme Ion source and RFQ operate at 4.2 mA 75% of bunches are chopped @ 2.5 MeV  maintain 1 mA over 1  sec Transverse rf splitter 1  sec

8. Beam Configurations 3 GeV Operating Scenario 1  sec period at 3 GeV Muon pulses (16e7) 81.25 MHz, 100 nsec @ 1MHz700 kW Kaon pulses (16e7) 20.3 MHz1540 kW Nuclear pulses (16e7) 10.15 MHz770 kW Separation scheme Ion source and RFQ operate at 4.2 mA 75% of bunches are chopped @ 2.5 MeV  maintain 1 mA over 1  sec Transverse rf splitter

9. R&D Program The primary elements of the R&D program include:  Development of a wide-band chopper Capable of removing bunches in arbitrary patterns at a 162.5 MHz bunch rate  Development of an H- injection system Require between 4.4 – 26 msec injection period, depending on pulsed linac operating scenario  Superconducting rf development Includes six different cavity types at three different frequencies Emphasis is on Q0, rather than high gradient Typically 1.5E10, 15 MV/m (CW) 1.0E10, 25 MV/m (pulsed) Includes appropriate rf sources Includes development of partners Goal is to complete R&D phase by 2015 DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 9

10. Status and Timeline Pre-conceptual design and R&D activities are well supported  Reference Design Report released fall 2010 http://projectx-docdb.fnal.gov/cgi-bin/ShowDocument?docid=776  Substantial R&D efforts on sc accelerating structures linac front end and chopper rf sources H- injection Approval of CD-0 (“Mission Need”) under discussion with DOE Project X could be constructed over a five year period We could be ready to start construction in FY2016 DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 10

11. Collaboration A multi-institutional collaboration has been established to execute the Project X RD&D Program.  Organized as a “national project with international participation” Fermilab as lead laboratory International participation established via bi-lateral MOUs.  Collaboration MOUs for the RD&D phase outlines basic goals, and the means of organizing and executing the work. Signatories: ANLORNL/SNSBARC/Mumbai BNLMSUIUAC/Delhi CornellTJNAFRRCAT/Indore FermilabSLAC VECC/Kolkata LBNLILC/ART R&D responsibilities aligned with expected assignments during the construction phase. DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 11

12. Summary (http://projectx.fnal.gov) Project X is central to Fermilab’s strategy for development of the accelerator complex over the coming decade  World leading programs in neutrinos and rare processes  Potential platform for future Neutrino Factory/Muon Collider  Potential applications beyond elementary particle physics The design concept has been stable for more than 18 months  5 MW total beam power 2 MW to the neutrino program at 60-120 GeV 3 MW to the rare processes program 200 kW to 8 GeV program  Flexible provision for variable beam formats to multiple users CW linac is unique for this application, and offers capabilities that would be hard/impossible to duplicate in a synchrotron R&D program underway targeting critical technologies and very significant investment in srf infrastructure and development Project X could be constructed over the period ~2016 – 2020  National project with international participation More from Bob Tschirhart today at 2:00 DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 12

13. DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 13  N s

14. Physics @ Project X Understand new TeV scale physics with the highest precision measurements  10 4 TeV sensitivity with muons and Kaons Ground breaking, game changing discoveries  Charged lepton flavor violation  Neutrino CP Violation  Permanent electric dipole moments Core measurements  Understand anomalies in neutrino physics  Nuclear physics Understand how accelerators can tackle global problems  Nuclear waste transmutation test facility DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 14 10 4 TeV 10 2 TeV 1 TeV 10 16 GeV 10 -20 eV LHC KK EDMs

15. DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 15 birth childhood teenage maturity generations of physics around the world 2007: International steering group, workshops, P5 Optimizing the program Mature concept, international participation

16. Steve’s Project X slide DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 16

17. My Project X slide DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 17 2 MW @ 60-120 GeV Up to few hundred kW @ 8 GeV LBNE g-2,  EDM Short baseline factory K+K+ K0K0 Rare isotopes, EDMs Nuclear energy and waste transmutation test facility 1 GeV available ~3 MW high duty factor @ 3 GeV  N  eN  EDM  e , eee  + e    e + Nearly all experiments at the same time!

18. DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 18 d s Project X Kaons

19. Kaon Program Goal:  Study new TeV physics discovered at the LHC, particularly couplings and symmetries scale inaccessible to the LHC  Probe flavor dynamics well above the the TeV scale Tools:  Precision measurements of K     and K      Unique sensitivity due to small and well understood SM rate Why Project X:  Only planned machine that can deliver order 1000 event samples in both modes at the SM branching fraction DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 19 Bryman, Marciano, Tschirhart, Yamanaka (2011)

20.     DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 20 1 st 2 nd 3 rd generation at BNL = 7 event data sample Can get first few 100 starting with beam from Main Injector BNL E787 event display O(1000) evt sample possible at Project X

21.     DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 21 Pico-bunches Pencil beam Pointing 200 events per year possible with Project X meets Very large hole in understanding TeV scale without this measurement

22. Other Kaon measurements DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 22 Enormous data sets + multipurpose detectors = lots of physics Plus many more

23. DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 23  N e Project X Muons N

24. Muon Program Goal:  Discover charged lepton flavor violation  Understand the underlying symmetry breaking mechanism Tools:  Flavor conserving observables g-2 …  Flavor violating observables  N  eN,  e ,  eee,  e  e   CP violating observables Electron and Muon EDMs Why Project X:  Greatest flexability of any planned muon source  Enough statistics to have a rich program beyond discovery DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 24 New set of operators:

25. Discovering Lepton Flavor Violation DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 25 N  e p e  m  Theoretical advantage: unique sensitivity to several mechanisms of flavor violation Best chance for an unambiguous, background free discovery is the  N  eN process Experimental advantage: Monochromatic e above Michel endpoint From Marciano :

26. Discovering lepton flavor violation with Project X DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 26 Build on the lessons learned from Mu2e

27. Beyond Discovery DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 27 Once lepton flavor violation is discovered, Project X would allow a diverse, precision LFV program to disentangle underlying physics Conversion rate vrs target Z for  N  eN Vector current Scalar current dipole Ratio of  e  /  N  eN tan  negative sign(  ) positive sign(  ) SUSY: B (  e  × B (  eee  Little Higgs: B (  e  B (  eee   F   e +  e   

28. The muon challenge The physics case is established The community and funding agencies are interested and listening The statistics are there with Project X Biggest issues are large number of challenges to mounting these experiments  Nothing set in stone  New ideas more than welcome  Unique flexibility at Project X to mount almost any type of experiment Rare opportunity to make an enormous difference even at the level of defining the experiment  Gateway into the field is participation in g-2 and mu2e DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 28 “In the field of opportunity it’s plowing time again” -Neil Young

29. DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 29  s Project XEDMs 

30. EDM program Goal  Discover EDMs or set the most stringent constraints Tools  The ideal atoms:  Nuclear EDM: large octuple deformation  Electron EDM: High Z alkali metals Why Project X  The ideal atoms have short lifetimes  The ISOL facility at Project X can produce greater than 10 12 isotopes per second compared to ~10 8 /s in reactors DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 30 Protons Th Ra Rn Fr

31. Good atomic EDM candidates DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 31 Octupole deformed nucleus for nuclear EDMs 225 Ra 2 to 3 orders of magnitude enhancement compared to Hg Alkali metals with outer electron in S wave for electron EDMs 211 Fr Order of magnitude sensitivity compared to Cs ANL exp PRL 98, 093001 (2007) Dobaczewski, Engel PRL 94, 232502 (2005)

32. DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 32 e Project X Neutrinos   e

33. Neutrino Program Goal:  Discover new source of CP violation and new flavor symmetries  Understand neutrinos to maximize their potential as a tool of science  Precision physics through neutrino interferometry Tools:  Large detectors  Well defined initial state  variable L/E Why Project X:  10 years with Project X = 30 years without Project X DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 33 Power (MW) Energy (GeV) 60120 0.7 2.3 Booster based Project X

34.   spectrum e excess  13 and CPV Interferometry DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 34  deficit Precision  23 New ultra weak interaction Mass hierarchy  e    

35. Expanded 8 GeV program DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 35 Want high power, short baseline to cover this Want high stats at low E to cover 2 nd max (why we have WBB) Low energy  storage ring for this Upgraded power at 8 GeV for high low E rate https://indico.fnal.gov/event/sbnw2011 G. Mention A. Bross, NuFact’11 S

36. Punchline DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 36 To get from here to here is 10 years with Project X and 30 years without Project X Grateful acknowledgment to Sam Zeller for help with this section

37. DPF Project X Forum, Aug. 10, 2011 37 Project X Opportunities Physicsdetectors DAQ accelerators Discoveries, precision measurements, Large # of thesis topics Low mass tracking, ultra precise calorimetry, large area PMTs, LAr… compact front end, digitize everything, store everything… SCRF, cold  and n, factories,  colliders, ADS, transmutation…