1. Romanticism And its Sub-movements Emphasis on Fireside Poets

2. Types of Romanticism Romanticism Transcendentalism Dark Romanticism

3. Romanticism Defined A movement in literature and the fine arts, beginning in the early nineteenth century, that stressed personal emotion, intuition, free play of the imagination, and freedom from rules of form. Romanticism was a reaction to Rationalism. 1830-1865

4. Romantic Writers Fiction –James Fennimore Cooper, Washington Irving Poets –Whittier, Longfellow, Bryant, Lowell –Known as the Fireside Poets

5. About Transcendentalism Transcendentalism is an American literary, political, and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century. Emphasized non-comformity, social experimentation, and the individual’s spiritual “relation to the universe,” usually through nature. mid-19th century.

6. Transcendentalists Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau Centered around Concord, MA.

7. Dark Romanticism Disagreed with the optimism inherent in Transcendentalism. Emphasis on sin, self-destruction, evil, psychology, rather than divinity, wisdom, or perfection. mid-19th century.

8. Dark Romantic Writers Hawthorne Melville Poe

9. What are the Fireside Poets? First group of American poets to rival British poets in popularity in either country. Preferred conventional forms over experimentation. Often used American legends and scenes of American life as their subject matter.

10. Who were the Fireside Poets? Henry Wadsworth Longfellow William Cullen Bryant James Russell Lowell Oliver Wendell Holmes John Greenleaf Whittier

11. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 1807-1882 Composed “Song of Hiawatha”, “Paul Revere’s Ride” “Psalm of Life” “The Day Is Done” Translated Dante’s Inferno from Italian into English

12. William Cullen Bryant 1794-1878 Composed “To a Waterfowl” and “Thanatopsis” One of the founders of the Republican party and supporter of Lincoln

13. James Russell Lowell 1819-1891 Composed “The First Snowfall” and “The Present Crisis” Active in anti- slavery causes

14. Oliver Wendell Holmes 1809-1894 Medical doctor – invented the term “anesthesia.” Composed “Old Ironsides,” which saved the U.S.S. Constitution from the scrap yard and “O Captain! My Captain” Father of Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.

15. John Greenleaf Whittier 1807-1892 Composed Snow- bound, “Maude Muller” and “Barefoot Boy” Active in anti- slavery movement

16. Lasting Impact Longfellow remained the most popular American poet for decades. They took on causes in their poetry, such as the abolition of slavery. Through their scholarship and editorial efforts, they paved the way for later ‘Romantic’ writers like Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Walt Whitman.