1. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference Hybrid systems performance: a case study. Luis Mª Arribas CIEMAT Spain lm.arribas@ciemat.es May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference

2. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference Layout of the presentation 1. Introduction Introduction 2. The proposed hybrid system performance assessment procedure. The proposed hybrid system performance assessment procedure. 3. Case study: description of the system Case study: description of the system 4. Particularities of wind generation: analysis of components. Particularities of wind generation: analysis of components. 5. Analysis of the system. Analysis of the system. 6. Conclusion Conclusion May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference

3. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference 1. Introduction Hybrid Systems Performance Work done for Photovoltaics ISPRA’s Guidelines for the Assessment of Photovoltaic Plants, Documents A, B and C PERFORMANCE Project Performance, reliability and analysis of PV systems, prepared by the IEA Task II working group IEC 61724 Standard: “Photovoltaic System Performance Monitoring - Guidelines for Measurement, Data Exchange and Analysis” IEA PVPS Task XI working group “PV-Hybrids and Mini-Grids”

4. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference 2. Proposed Procedure Use IEC 61724 Standard as a starting point Parameters for PV generation Include wind turbines in the scope of the Standard Parameters for Wind generation in a hybrid Wind- PV scheme.

5. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference Starting point: PV’s performance parameters PV Array Power Condtioning Load Back-UpUtility Storage V L I L PLPL - + + - TUTU P TU I FU P FU V BU I BU P BU V A I A PAPA GIGI T am SWSW VSVS VUVU I TS P TS I FS P FS TmTm

6. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference Starting point: PV’s performance parameters ParameterSymbolUnit Meteorological Global direct Irradiance on the PV array plane HIHI kWh.m -2.d -1 Electrical Energy Quantities Net Energy from the PV ArrayEAEA kWh Net Energy to the LoadELEL kWh Net Energy from the Back-Up generatorE BU kWh Total INput energy to the systemE in kWh Total output energy from the systemE use kWh PV Array Energy Fraction from the totalFAFA Adimensional Back-Up Energy Fraction from the totalF BU Adimensional Load Throughput  LOAD Adimensional

7. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference Starting point: PV’s performance parameters ParameterSymbolUnit BOS throughput  BOS Adim. PV Array Production RatioYAYA h. d -1 Final PV Array Production RatioYfYf h. d -1 Reference Production Ratio for the PV ArrayYrYr h. d -1 PV Array Capture LossesLcLc h. d -1 BOS LossesL BOS h. d -1 Performance RatioRpRp Adim. Average PV Array throughput  Amean Adim. Global PV Array throughput  tot Adim. Balance of the System performance Average production ratios Normalized losses System performance indices

8. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference New Parameters added to the PV ones PV Array Power Condtioning Load Back-UpUtility Storage V L I L PLPL - + + - TUTU P TU I FU P FU V BU I BU P BU V A I A PAPA GIGI T am SWSW VSVS VUVU I TS P TS I FS P FS TmTm Wind Turbine V WT,AC I WT,AC P WT,AC F WT DWDW P A Hum

9. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference New Parameters added to the PV ones ParameterSymbolUnit Meteorological Global Available Wind Energy E GAW kWh.m -2.d -1 Electrical Energy Quantities Net Energy from the Wind TurbineE WT kWh Wind Turbine Energy Fraction from the totalF WT Adimensional E GAW has been defined in the following way: : measured air density W s : average Wind Speed for the period of time used in the summation

10. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference New Parameters added to the PV ones Average production ratios ParameterEquationSymbolUnit Wind Turbine Production Ratio E WT /P WTN Y WT h. d -1 Final Wind Turbine Production Ratio Y WT x  LOAD Y f,WT h. d -1 Reference Production Ratio for the Wind TurbineE GAW /P W,ref Y r,WT h. d -1 E GAW /P W,ref Reference Wind Power Global Available Wind Energy

11. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference Reference Wind Power  There is no common Wind Power Reference for all wind turbines and, so,  Wind Power Reference depends upon the specific wind turbine

12. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference New Parameters added to the PV ones Normalized losses ParameterEquationSymbolUnit Wind Turbine Capture LossesY r,WT –Y WT L c,WT h. d -1 Wind Turbine BOS Losses Y WT x (1-  BOS) L BOS,WT h. d -1 Performance Ratio for the Wind TurbineY f,WT / Y r,WT R P,WT h. d -1

13. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference New Parameters added to the PV ones System performance indices ParameterEquationSymbolUnit Average Wind Turbine throughput E WT / (A WT x E GAW )  WT,mean Adim. Global Wind Turbine throughput  WT,mean x  LOAD  WT,tot Adim. A WT = Wind Turbine rotor area (m 2 )

14. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference 7.5 kW SWT 5 kWp PV array 20 kVA Genset 595 C 10 Battery Storage 120 V DC bus voltage Description of the CICLOPS I system.

15. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference Description of the CICLOPS I system.

16. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference 4. Particularities of wind generation: analysis of components Sampling rate Quasi-dynamic regulation of Wind charge converter, trying to maintain the high battery voltage set-point

17. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference 4. Particularities of wind generation: analysis of components Pre-averaging interval

18. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference 5. Analysis of the system Meteorological

19. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference 5. Analysis of the system Electrical Energy Quantities PV Wind

20. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference 5. Analysis of the system Electrical Energy Quantities Back-up generator Load Whole system

21. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference 5. Analysis of the system Balance Of the System (BOS) component performance

22. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference 5. Analysis of the system: system performance indices Average Production Ratios PV Wind

23. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference 5. Analysis of the system: system performance indices Normalized losses PV Wind

24. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference 5. Analysis of the system: system performance indices System Throughput indices PV Wind

25. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference Conclusion A Hybrid System Performance Assessment procedure has been introduced Some particularities of wind generation arise At least for demonstration projects, monitoring for: long-term assessment, characterization of components, analysis of the system, gain more understanding on hybrid systems. This is a step ahead in the assessment of PV-Wind Hybrid systems, but there is still much more work to be done

26. May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference THE END Thank you for your attention May 2007 Milan European Wind Energy Conference