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PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 1 PIME 2004 plenary session February 10, 2004 – Barcelona Preparing the future : New challenges.

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Presentation on theme: "PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 1 PIME 2004 plenary session February 10, 2004 – Barcelona Preparing the future : New challenges."— Presentation transcript:

1 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 1 PIME 2004 plenary session February 10, 2004 – Barcelona Preparing the future : New challenges for nuclear energy systems Patrice BERNARD Head of the Nuclear Development and Innovation Division French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) patrice.bernard@cea.fr

2 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 2 World projected energy demand Source : IIASA/WEC study, « Global Energy Perspectives », 1998 Gtoe/year A : High growth (Income, energy, technology) B : Modest growth C : Ecologically driven growth

3 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 3 Towards a revival of nuclear ? USA : “The NEPD Group recommends that the President support the expansion of nuclear energy in the United States as a major component of our national energy policy.” Report of the National Energy Policy Development Group, May 2001 Europe « … the need to keep nuclear power at the heart of Europe’s energy mix » European Parliament resolution, Novembre 2001

4 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 4 The Evolution of Nuclear Power Generation I Generation II 1950 197019902010203020502070 2090 Generation III First Reactors UNGG CHOOZ Current Reactors REP 900 REP 1300 N4 EPR Advanced Reactors Future Systems Generation IV

5 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 5 Significant prospects for nuclear energy in the world

6 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 6 Gen III : a mature technology for near term development Generation III reactors identified as ‘Near Term Deployment’ by the Generation IV Forum Advanced Pressurized Water Reactors AP 600, AP 1000, APR1400, APWR+, EPR Advanced Boiling Water Reactors ABWR II, ESBWR, HC-BWR, SWR-1000 Advanced Heavy Water Reactors ACR-700 (Advanced CANDU Reactor 700) Small and middle range power integrated Reactors CAREM, IMR, IRIS, SMART High Temperature, Gas Cooled, Modular Reactors GT-MHR, PBMR

7 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 7 Gen III / EPR : significant improvements in safety, Le projet EPR Le projet EPR Core melt spreading area Double-wall containment with ventilation and filtration system Containment heat removal system Four-train redundancy for main safeguard systems Inner refueling water storage tank EPR … but also in economics, waste reduction and U preservation

8 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 8 Concepts with breakthroughsConcepts with breakthroughs Minimization of wastes Preservation of resources Non Proliferation Systems expected to reach technical maturity by 2030  Systems expected to reach technical maturity by 2030 Assets for new markets  Assets for new markets - hydrogen production - direct use of heat - sea water desalination An internationally shared R&D  An internationally shared R&D New requirements for sustainable nuclear energy  New requirements for sustainable nuclear energy Génération IV International Forum Members Génération IV International Forum Members U.S.A. Argentina Brazil Canada France Japan South Africa UnitedKingdom South Korea Switzerl and GEN IV : towards sustainable nuclear energy Gradual improvements in : Gradual improvements in : Competitiveness Safety and reliability E.U.

9 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 9 Very High Temperature Reactor 6 Innovative concepts with technological breakthroughs Sodium Fast reactor Closed Fuel Cycle Once Through Supercritical Water Reactor Once/Closed Molten Salt Reactor Closed Fuel Cycle Lead Fast Reactor Gas Fast Reactor Closed Fuel Cycle

10 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 10 Gen IV Systems : an integrated cycle with full actinide recycling A drastic minimization of ultimate wastes : - very small volumes, - hundreds of years compared to hundreds of thousands A optimal use of energetic materials : thousands of years duration U nat Actinides Spent fuel Ultimate wastes FP GEN IV FR Treatment and Re-fabrication

11 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 11 Evolution of the radiotoxicity

12 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 12 GEN IV : Gas Cooled Reactors VHTR GFR HTR  Fast neutrons  Full Actinide recycling  Hydrogen production

13 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 13 Hydrogen : a new energy vector Fuel Cell Prototype vehicle (hydrogen)

14 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 14 Fusion : a necessary demonstration step Power Reactor Pulse length REACTOR Dec. 2003 : 6 min. 16 MW ~ 2035 : scientific feasibility. ~ 2070 ? Demonstration

15 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 15 Calendar for the ITER Project 1990 2005 2015 2035 Engineering Construction Operation

16 PIME 2004 / Barcelona, Feb. 10, 2004Nuclear Energy Division 16 Conclusion Increasing needs for the next 50 years and beyond ; nuclear energy should play a key role Demonstrated performances of current GEN II reactors : safe and competitive. An expected gradual implementation of GEN III reactors between 2000 and 2030 with new improvements Next step in Fission : Gen IV systems should reach technical maturity by 2030, allowing for a sustainable energy for thousands of years Prospect for the long term, Fusion : a necessary demonstration feasibility with ITER a possible complementary path for long term energy supply

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