1. WARM- UP 1.Which city receives the most annual precipitation? 2.Which city has the longest growing season? 3.The average for July’s climate in Southern Georgia is ___ 4.What is weather? 5.What is climate? 6.What is the best term to describe Georgia’s climate? 7.How much annual precipitation does Atlanta receive?

2. What is Archaeology?

3. Archaeological Fieldwork archaeologists: scientists who learn about previous societies by looking at the physical evidence they left behind Archaeologists study: artifacts (objects shaped by humans) examples? ecofacts (natural objects associated with humans) examples? features (specific areas of human activity) examples? fossils are remains of living things (plants, animals, people), not of things that were made. examples?

4. What is a site? Archaeologists collect their evidence at a site At the site, archaeologists literally dig, looking for the remains of ancient civilizations. That is why they call the site at which they are working a “dig”.

5. Finding a site How do archaeologists find sites to explore? 1. They think about what people need to stay alive. Some of those things include access to clean drinking water, a protected place to live, and easy access to trade routes. With this in mind, archaeologists look for remains of civilizations along the banks of rivers and streams.

6. Finding a site 2. They check out reports of artifacts that have been discovered. Artifacts have been discovered by farmers and construction companies while working at their jobs. 3. They check the land from the air, looking for large depressions that could be the ruins of an ancient living area. 4. They use scientific instruments like radar and sonar to look for ruins.

7. Permission to Dig An archaeologist must receive permission to explore a site. The owner of the land must grant sometimes permission. Sometimes the government of a country must issue permits. Once permission is received, archaeologists work in teams with other archaeologists. A team begins to explore the area. They look for evidence that people once lived in the area. Evidence includes fossils and artifacts.

8. Grids & Labeling Archaeologists create a grid of squares across the site. Each square in the grid must be carefully searched and numbered so that the exact location of each object can be recorded. A record must be kept of anything found, including What was found next to it. Archaeologists excavate (dig to expose) the site Archaeologists can use context (the relationship of an object to its surroundings) to determine many things: Date of the object, or time period it was used Who used the object What it was used for What it means Maps and drawings of the site, features, and objects are made continuously

9. Tools of the Trade The tools they use are sometimes very simple. Shovels, trowels, nails, brushes, and other tools are used to remove objects from the ground. They search each grid very carefully. Digging at a site is slow and careful work.

10. Objects are studied in a laboratory: Once objects are labeled and removed from a site, they are taken to a lab where they are cleaned, sorted and preserved, objects are relabeled, and placed into a database. They use several methods while dating their new findings: Context clues Archaeologists use this information to put together pieces of the past.. Carbon 14 dating (organic objects only) Thermo-luminescence (rocks and soil) Potassium-Argon dating (volcanic rock) Dendrochronology (tree ring dating) It takes a great deal of education, training, patience, and attention to detail to work as an archaeologist

11. What is it? 1.While planting my garden, I found a three-foot long bone made out of stone. Did I find a fossil or an artifact? 2.While exploring in the woods near my house, I found an old arrowhead. Did I find a fossil or an artifact? The job of an archaeologist is a great deal like the job of a detective. Here are some puzzles for you to solve.

12. Artifact #1 Artifact #2

13. Artifact #3 Artifact #4

14. Artifact # 5Artifact #6

15. Artifact #7Artifact #8

16. Artifact #9Artifact #10

17. Artifact #11Artifact #12

18. Artifact #13Artifact #14

19. Work Period: Journal Entry Suppose you wanted to leave one thing behind for future archaeologists to find. What would that one object be and why? Support your statement with details. –What would this object tell about you. –Paragraph must be at least 6 sentences. Draw a picture of your artifact.