1. Introduction

2. Getting the Most Out of Camp  Someone made some sacrifices to make it possible for you to be here  The next two or three weeks are likely the best chance you will have to get better this entire year  Pay attention. The staff and your fellow students have knowledge you may obtain, and knowledge is power.  Cultivate self-discipline—forgoing smaller, short- term gains for larger, long-term rewards

3. The Resolution  Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its transportation infrastructure investment in the United States.

4. Why the Fuss?  U.S. transportation system has been described as being “in crisis”  Transportation intersects with virtually every part of the economy and pure everyday living  Federal infrastructure policymaking is largely broken as a process—nearly 3 years since the passage of the last full transportation bill  It’s better than the immigration resolution [false—economic migration would have been far cooler]

5. “Transportation”  Definition: the movement of things (people, animals and objects) from one location to another  Three basic types  Individual  Passenger  Freight

6. Cont’d  Modes of tranport(ation) include  Walking (pedestrian)  Bicycling/self-powered  Waterways  Powered individual transit (cars) [surface]  Powered mass transit [surface]  Powered air transit [individual and mass]  Space transit  Pipelines? [powered by gravity]

7. “Infrastructure”  Means the things that facilitate transport/make transportation possible  Bike paths/lanes, sidewalks  Air corridors, air fields, air terminals  Roads, refueling facilities, trucking freight terminals  Ports, canals, waterways  Railways/beds, rail terminals  Bus stops, dedicated buslines  Pipelines  Potential distinction between the mode of tranport (car) and that which facilitates it (road)

8. “Investment”  Means deploying resources (time, money, material) with the expectation of some future gain  Is used *broadly* and *frequently* in the context of infrastructure  May end up meaning “all government money spent on infrastructure”

9. “United States federal government”  Are other “United States”?  Brazil  Netherlands  “United States” means “U.S.A.”!  “Federal government” means either  The government based in Washington DC [or]  The system of government that includes the national and state governments within the federal system  Potential issues  “USFG” means all 3 branches  “USFG should” means government action, not individual advocacy

10. “should substantially increase”  “Substantial/substantially”  Means essentially, in the main, large, etc.  Disputes arise from claims of the necessary size and nature of the increase  “Should”—does it imply (necessitate) a plan  “Increase”  means to augment, make bigger, or qualitatively improve  Potential disputes include whether  it must be pre-existing TII  Whether there must be an increase in the size of TII, or can just improve it

11. “its” & “in the United States”  “Its” means the possessive form of “it”; used as a modifier before a noun  “transportation infrastructure investment” must belong to/be of “USFG”  “in the United States” limits (geographically) the context within which TII may occur

12. Impact Ground  Economy: competitiveness, employment, productivity, specific industries, etc  Energy: oil and other fossil fuels as they intersect with all impacts  Environment: air/water pollution, climate, land conversion  Equity: race, colonialism, gender, able-ism, rural, urban  Security: hegemony, resource wars, terrorism

13. Affirmatives  Active Transport: bike pathways, sidewalks, traffic suppression  Air: security, navigation, rural  Cars: alt fuels, congestion control, rural  Freight: highway, ports, rail  Fuel transportation: NG/oil pipelines, LNG  Funding mechanism: NIB  Mass Transit: LRT, BRT, HSR, federal funding  Military: Alt vehicles, airfields  Space: space elevator, spaceports (private)  Specific groups: urban areas, indigenous communities, federal territories

14. Negative Arguments  Disadvantages  Budget  Politics/Elections  Impact turns to aff advantages (claimed or not)  Counterplans  Advantage  Process/Agent  Mechanism  Kritiks: sky’s the limit