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Published byAmberlynn Alaina Marshall Modified over 9 years ago
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C IRRHOSIS
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A LCOHOLIC L IVER I NJURY : Alcoholic Liver disease - Patterns Fatty change, Acute hepatitis Chronic hepatitis Cirrhosis, Chronic Liver failure All reversible except cirrhosis stage.
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P ATHOPHYSIOLOGY Irreversible chronic injury of the hepatic parenchyma Extensive fibrosis - distortion of the hepatic architecture Formation of regenerative nodules
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E TIOLOGY OF C IRRHOSIS Alcoholic liver disease Viral hepatitis Biliary disease Primary hemochromatosis Wilson’s, 1AT def
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C LINICAL FEATURES Spider neavi Palmar erythema Nail changes Gynecomastia Testicular atrophy
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C LINICAL M ANIFESTATIONS Muehrcke's nails Terry’s nails
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C LINICAL M ANIFESTATIONS Fetor hepaticus Jaundice Parotid gland enlargement Flapping tremors Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly Caput medusa
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L ABORATORY S TUDIES AST/ALT ALP, gamma GT PT/INR S albumin USS scan Liver biopsy
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M ORPHOLOGIC C LASSIFICATION Micronodular cirrhosis Nodules less than 3 mm in diameter Believed to be caused by alcohol Macronodular cirrhosis Nodules larger than 3 mm Believed to be secondary to chronic viral hepatitis
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M ICRONODULAR CIRRHOSIS
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M ACRONODULAR C IRRHOSIS
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C OMPLICATIONS Ascites Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Hepatorenal syndrome Variceal hemorrhage Hepatopulmonary syndrome Hepatic Encephalopathy Hepatocellular carcinoma
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A SCITES Accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity Due to several factors including portal hypertension, low protein levels, fluid retention etc.
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A SCITIS IN C IRRHOSIS
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A SCITES Dietary sodium restriction Diuretics aspiration
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H EPATORENAL SYNDROME acute renal failure coupled with advanced hepatic disease characterized by: Oliguria progressive rise in the plasma creatinine
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V ARICEAL HEMORRHAGE Due to portal hypertension Can be lethal if not treated early
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H EPATIC E NCEPHALOPATHY neuropsychiatric abnormalities seen in patients with liver dysfunction sleep pattern variation Altered conciousness
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H EPATOCELLULAR C ARCINOMA Patients with cirrhosis have a markedly increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma
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L IVER T RANSPLANTATION Liver transplantation is the definitive treatment for patients with decompensated cirrhosis
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G YNAECOMASTIA IN CIRRHOSIS
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