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Prof.S.Chidambaram Department of Earth sciences Annamalai University India A review on the hydrogeochemical research and its.

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Presentation on theme: "Prof.S.Chidambaram Department of Earth sciences Annamalai University India A review on the hydrogeochemical research and its."— Presentation transcript:

1 Prof.S.Chidambaram Department of Earth sciences Annamalai University India chidambaram_s@rediffmail.com A review on the hydrogeochemical research and its future perspectives

2 IsotopesSGDGeophysicalLithologicalHYDROGEOCHEMISTRYGeneral ionsRS GISStatistical Geochemical modeling QualityProcess Heavy metals Ion SpecificUtility

3 Quality - Utility

4 SEASONSpHECTDSCaMgNaKClHCO 3 SO 4 H4SiO 4 PO 4 NO 3 SPRM8.809848.005908.00180.00184.801898.20538.702064.80634.40278.00108.003.65187.00 SPOM8.707845.007630.00148.00108.00813.90572.602150.00719.80216.00112.0017.09145.00 DPRM7.806910.004422.40141.00111.001330.00114.001823.00540.00604.48120.338.75147.00 DPOM7.604790.483065.90150.0091.50672.00176.001549.00732.00380.00141.005.50169.00 WHO 2004 6.5-8.5-50075<30200- - --50 BIS 1991 6.5-8.5-5007530--200- --45 Drinking water quality

5 Wilcox diagram Agricultural water quality

6 WATCLAST- program Other water quality parameters (Chidambaram et al 2004)

7 Quality – Ion Specific Fluoride Uranium Arsenic

8 Fig: 5.31a. Spatial distribution of F - of NEM Fig: 5.31b. Spatial distribution of F - of POM Fig: 5.31c. Spatial distribution of F - of SUM Fig: 5.31d. Spatial distribution of F - of SWM Fluoride

9 Uranium

10 Spatial distribution of As for groundwater samples (All values in µg/l)) Maximum, Minimum and Average of Arsenic (All values in µg/l)) Arsenic

11 Process – General Ion

12 Piper facies diagram Modified Doneen’s plot Gibbs plot Relationship of log pCO 2 to Ionic Strength Standard plots

13 Thermo dynamic stability

14 Sea water intrusion

15 Saturation index

16 Process – Lithology

17 Relative mobility of cations in Rock Water Interaction studies Relative mobility

18 Lithological charecterisation

19

20 Process – Metals

21

22 Process – RS and GIS

23

24 Parameters Classification based on quality Standards by BIS & WHO Measured FormationPRMSWMNEMPOM GoodModerateUnsuitableDesirablePermissible Min.Max.Min.Max.Min.Max.Min.Max. EC (µS/cm) <780 780 – 3125 >31257801400 Alluvium 31425963092899231.425133002352 Upper Cuddalore 221.727133330189.91490173.91367168.4 Lower Cuddalore 2701432227.32100230.71554219.71534 Cretaceous 186.52164200.52297216.42756202.42241 TH (Ca&Mg) (mg/l) <300300-600>600300600 Alluvium 35.2120.839.2121.639.2155.239.2191.2 Upper Cuddalore 42.4139.244.318836.1158.417.2296 Lower Cuddalore 57.6252.836.823228.8227.432.8287.2 Cretaceous 47.219328.613035.216633.6222 Sodium (mg/l) <200200-300>300200- Alluvium 20517.211.92872631248314 Upper Cuddalore 7.1567.58.72893428920193 Lower Cuddalore 1214628.41472115046175 Cretaceous 6.8550.515.22412118633764 Chloride (mg/l) <250250-1000>10002501000 Alluvium 35.5797.6567.2374.335.5779.988.6833.1 Upper Cuddalore 53.2744.535.5868.535.570970.9531.8 Lower Cuddalore 2639053.2372.235.5354.570.9354.5 Cretaceous 53.290435.5850.835.5478.635.51524.4 Sulphate (mg/l) <200200-400>400200400 Alluvium BDL28.40.1200.5201180 Upper Cuddalore BDL11.61.2260.5151160 Lower Cuddalore BDL4.40.1160.5152112.5 Cretaceous 0.4440.8720.5205250 Alkalinity (mg/l) <200200-400>400200400 Alluvium 73.2475.86148897.6103761732 Upper Cuddalore 73.2402.697.6439.212273261390.4 Lower Cuddalore 85.4268.473.2488146.4768.6146.4390.4 Cretaceous 73.236648.8414.885.4988.2109.8878.4 DOC (mg/l) (ODWSOG2006, Spruill et al. 1997) <3 3 - 5>5 Alluvium 16.98BDL5.320.548.500.6110.020.53 Upper Cuddalore 13.293.873.130.244.800.535.410.37 Lower Cuddalore 13.592.772.170.526.240.726.340.61 Cretaceous 4.102.063.580.005.480.456.540.29 Index (Decision Criteria)321

25 Flow chart representing the preparation of the vulnerability maps Vulnerability studies

26 Groundwater vulnerability index map of the Alluvium aquifer overlay on Landuse (Thilagavathi 2013) Vulnerability studies

27

28

29 Process – Modeling

30

31 Process – Statistics

32 Post monsoon CAMGNAKCLHCO3SO4PO4SIO2PHTDS CA1 MG-0.21591 NA0.377867-0.15441 K0.47658-0.176820.7942281 CL0.380735-0.109210.9960150.772361 HCO30.194334-0.168240.4510140.6182950.3874571 SO40.4561940.3008670.5722220.526190.598744-0.025031 PO40.180925-0.37920.116976-0.040120.0860520.397052-0.355381 SIO20.300471-0.052920.4774860.6889220.4702130.5557710.170031-0.16131 PH0.144781-0.072930.0825530.4340950.0446560.3668310.219291-0.068550.1884251 TDS0.409782-0.143380.9967840.8065420.9963790.4161150.608360.0957350.4697990.1080511 1.002.003.00 MG-0.09-0.08-0.72 NA0.960.150.10 K0.740.610.01 CL0.970.100.05 HCO30.290.710.43 SO40.700.05-0.57 PO40.06-0.080.87 SIO20.420.64-0.02 PH-0.040.79-0.12 TDS0.970.150.07 Saline intrusion Recharge and weathering of K feldspar Anthropogenic Seasonal -Correlation and Factor analysis

33 CAMGNAKCLHCO3SO4PO4SIO4PHTDS CA1.00 MG0.671.00 NA0.140.111.00 K-0.19-0.060.401.00 CL0.250.230.980.421.00 HCO30.27 0.02-0.01-0.051.00 SO40.200.14-0.23-0.12-0.19-0.091.00 PO40.110.210.02-0.030.040.030.331.00 SIO40.130.210.19-0.070.23-0.010.160.461.00 PH-0.010.11-0.14-0.32-0.11-0.280.140.02-0.011.00 TDS0.800.870.27-0.070.390.180.150.250.280.111.00 1234 CA0.890.010.060.08 MG0.890.040.150.03 NA0.160.940.00-0.01 K-0.240.62-0.020.30 CL0.270.940.03-0.07 HCO30.35-0.13-0.090.74 SO40.12-0.330.57-0.14 PO40.090.000.850.06 SIO40.120.210.74-0.02 PH0.16-0.21-0.03-0.82 TDS0.920.180.20-0.05 Ion exchange S.W.intrusion Fertilisers recharge Pre monsoon Correlation and Factor analysis

34 Seasonal and the Spinal species

35 Factor score

36 Process – Isotopes

37

38 Dissolved organic carbon

39 Isotope and climate

40 Process – SGD

41

42 Process – Geophysical

43 Surface Geophysical methods

44 Spatial representation of reisitivty values

45 Fig. Three-dimensional variation of litholog and resistivity (  m) for four locations Thavalakuppam, Chinna Verampattinam,Thavalakuppam and Nallavadu in the study area Creation of 3D fence to correlate

46

47 Conceptual models

48 Future perspectives Climate Change Geochemical baseline Integrated techniques

49 Climate change Longterm geochemical data in correlation with landuse and water level changes Pore water stuides CFC, Tritium models and Helium

50 Geochemical baseline Tritium models Microbial characterization with metal/inorganic ion Noble gases Organic Geochemistry Colloidal interface with metals and ions Interlinking of components in hydrological studies

51

52 Integration of relevant techniques

53 Thank you

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