1.  starter activity Each of the pictures refers to an improvement in public health in the 1800s. Identify and explain the individual / event.  Identify and explain the factor 1845

2.  starter activity 1845 1853, soap tax abolished Chadwick’s report on urban poor, 1842 Dr Snow and Broad St pump, 1854 1845 Public Health Act – not compulsory Flushing toilets Bazalgette, Great Stink, 1858

3. Why was the 1875 Public Health Act finally passed? To identify the factors which led to the 1875 PHA To debate the reasons why the Act was finally passed  Learning objectives

4.  Your task Read p.154-5. Make notes on the contribution of the following to better public health: Octavia Hill, Louis Pasteur Read p.154-5. Make notes on the contribution of the following to better public health: Octavia Hill, Louis Pasteur  How important were changes in the right to vote?  How important were changes in the right to vote? Octavia Hill 1838-1912.  Can you think of other pioneering women we have studied?

5. End of ‘laissez faire’ Octavia Hill: bought & refurbished 2000 slum housing – led to 1875, Artisans’ Dwellings Act Octavia Hill: bought & refurbished 2000 slum housing – led to 1875, Artisans’ Dwellings Act Louis Pasteur: published Germ Theory (1861), conducted public experiments Louis Pasteur: published Germ Theory (1861), conducted public experiments Political reform: 1867 & 1884 Electoral Reform Acts – increased male franchise Political reform: 1867 & 1884 Electoral Reform Acts – increased male franchise

6.  Your task Read p.150 and p.155 and make a note of ways in which the 1875 Public Health was an improvement. Read p.150 and p.155 and make a note of ways in which the 1875 Public Health was an improvement. Note down examples of other laws passed and explain how they helped improve conditions. Note down examples of other laws passed and explain how they helped improve conditions.  Explain which individuals were most helpful in getting the new laws passed  Explain which individuals were most helpful in getting the new laws passed FOLKESTONE

7. Public Health Act, 1875 Local councils MUST improve water supply and sewage systems (sanitation), MUST appoint inspectors (Medical Health Officer) Local councils MUST improve water supply and sewage systems (sanitation), MUST appoint inspectors (Medical Health Officer) Improved standards of housing Improved standards of housing Fines for pollution of rivers Fines for pollution of rivers Improved working practices, e.g. shorter hours Improved working practices, e.g. shorter hours Food standards, e.g. checks on ingredients Food standards, e.g. checks on ingredients Compulsory education Compulsory education  Which was the most important improvement?

8.  Your task It is the year before the Public Health Act was finally passed. A special public meeting has been convened to hear the views of different people in Victorian society. Decide if your individual would have been for or against the forthcoming Act and debate your views. It is the year before the Public Health Act was finally passed. A special public meeting has been convened to hear the views of different people in Victorian society. Decide if your individual would have been for or against the forthcoming Act and debate your views.

9.  Homework Imagine you are an MP who supports the Public Health Act. Write a speech (1 side A4, Arial font 12) setting out your reasons for supporting the Act. Refer to the following: Imagine you are an MP who supports the Public Health Act. Write a speech (1 side A4, Arial font 12) setting out your reasons for supporting the Act. Refer to the following: The work of key individuals, e.g. Chadwick & Snow The work of key individuals, e.g. Chadwick & Snow Other factors such as the cholera epidemics Other factors such as the cholera epidemics Failures in the past to tackle the problems of public health, e.g. 1847 Public Health Act Failures in the past to tackle the problems of public health, e.g. 1847 Public Health Act Recent changes in Victorian society that make a new act more important, e.g. new technology, better education, population growth etc. Recent changes in Victorian society that make a new act more important, e.g. new technology, better education, population growth etc. Use persuasive language Use persuasive language

10. Plenary Plenary Key individuals in the development of better public health in Victorian Britain? Key individuals in the development of better public health in Victorian Britain? Other factors that helped? Other factors that helped? Reasons why people opposed the 1875 Public Health Act Reasons why people opposed the 1875 Public Health Act  Extension. How good was Victorian public health compared with other periods?  Extension. How good was Victorian public health compared with other periods?