1. GENOCIDE IN RWANDA

2. International Security Study on Rwanda Presented By:

3. Topics Background Causes of the Conflict in Rwanda Political and Cultural “CNN Effect” U.S. Involvement U.S. Instruments of Power Recommendations

4. Background 1300s - Tutsis migrate into what is now Rwanda, which was already inhabited by the Hutu peoples. 1600s - Tutsi King Ruganzu Ndori subdues central Rwanda and outlying Hutu areas. Late 1800s - Tutsi King Kigeri Rwabugiri establishes a unified state with a centralized military structure. 1916 - Belgian forces occupy Rwanda. 1923 - Belgium granted League of Nations mandate to govern Ruanda-Urundi, which it ruled indirectly through Tutsi kings. 1957 - Hutus issue manifesto calling for a change in Rwanda's power structure; gave them a voice commensurate with their numbers; Hutu political parties formed. 1959 - Tutsi King Kigeri V and thousands of Tutsis, forced into exile in Uganda following inter-ethnic violence. 1961 - Rwanda proclaimed a republic. 1962 - Rwanda becomes independent with a Hutu leader 1963 - Some 20,000 Tutsis killed following an incursion by Tutsi rebels based in Burundi. 1973 - President Gregoire Kayibanda ousted in military coup led by Juvenal Habyarimana. 1978 - New constitution ratified; Habyarimana elected president. 1990 - Forces of the rebel, mainly Tutsi, Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) invade Rwanda from Uganda. 1993 - President Habyarimana signs a power-sharing agreement with the Tutsis in the Tanzanian town of Arusha, signaling the end of civil war; UN mission sent to monitor the peace agreement.

5. Causes of Conflict in Rwanda Political Arusha Accord could have ended 4 year Civil War Plane shot down by Hutu extremists killing Presidents Habyarimana (Rwanda) and Ntaryamira (Burundi) Rwanda armed forces and militia retaliate against Tutsi

6. Causes of Conflict in Rwanda Cultural Hutu and Tutsi Feud origins Feud reaches boiling point in 1994 Hutu massacre 800,000 Tutsi in 100 days 10% slain, millions fled to neighboring countries Killings devastated mostly agricultural based economy

7. “CNN Effect” 10 U.N Peacekeepers killed protecting Prime Minister Hutu used 1993, U.S. and Somalia conflict, as leverage Clinton Administration/UN: “Withdrawal…leave Rwanda to it’s fate” Source: Frontline: The Triumph of Evil: Interviews: Philip Gourevitch https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/evil/interviews/gourevitch.html)ttps://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/evil/interviews/gourevitch.html

8. U.S. Involvement U.S. stance was not to get involved U.S. Intel on conflict given to top administration before day 2 of killings Media Attention got US and UN involved in conflict after 100 day massacre was over U.S. used its military and economic IOPs to assist Rwanda in aftermath

9. U.S. Instruments of Power Military (Source: http://www.udayton.edu/~rwanda/articles/usrole.html )http://www.udayton.edu/~rwanda/articles/usrole.html Unstable Rwanda = Unstable Central Africa U.S. Military trained Rwandan participants (Tutsi) Combat, Military Mgt, Disaster Relief, etc. U.S. sought greater military involvement in African nations “Vietnamization”

10. U.S. Instruments of Power Economic (Source: www.cnn.com)www.cnn.com U.S. gives humanitarian aid to African nations Mostly Financial President Bush pledges $674 Million in aid to Africa (Rwanda to receive also) G8 to forgive $55 Billion debt for 18 poor African Nations

11. Recommendations U.S Should Continue to Support Financially and Militarily Region is showing to be breeding ground for terrorist organizations Source: (http://countrywatch.com/cw_topics.aspx)http://countrywatch.com/cw_topics.aspx Ex.) 1997- ALIR Much needed ally on “Global war on terrorism” A stronger Rwanda + Robust Rwanda Military = More Stable Central Africa

12. Summary Background Causes of the Conflict in Rwanda Political and Cultural “CNN Effect” U.S. Involvement U.S. Instruments of Power Recommendations

13. QUESTIONS???

15. RWANDA

16. Video??? http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hotel_rwanda/trailers.php http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/hotel_rwanda/trailers.php