1. China in Revolution
AP World History

2. Post World War II China
Nationalists under Chiang Kai-shek fight a civil war with communists led by Mao Zedong
By 1949 Communists win & proclaim People’s Republic of China (Beijing as capital)
Nationalists retreat to Taiwan and proclaim Republic of China (Taipei as capital)

3. The Mao Era Had promised land reform; won over peasants
Confiscated land & property; distributed to peasants
Wanted to improve living conditions & transform China into a modern industrial and agricultural nation

4. The Five Year Plan Launched in 1953
Private industries brought under government control
Peasants merged individual landholdings into large cooperatives
With Soviet help built roads, factories, & canals

5. The Great Leap Forward Launched in 1958
Cooperatives merged into larger government controlled units called communes
Stressed human labor over technology
Was a disaster – food shortages, mismanagement, & peasant resistance
Was halted – million died of starvation

6. The Cultural Revolution
Launched in 1966
Was supposed to end the influence of pragmatists (who wanted practical reforms)
Time of great disorder and confusion; schools closed, factory production dropped, violence erupted, tens of thousands died
1968 – order restored by the army

7. Chinese Foreign Policy
Opposed the United States and other capitalist countries
U.S. recognized the Taiwanese government since 1949
Supported North Korea in Korean War
Late 1950s – Chinese- Soviet relations soured (ideological & border dispute)
Explode 1st atom bomb in 1964
1972 – U.S President Richard Nixon visits China
Mao Zedong dies in 1976

8. Four Modernizations
Stressed improvements in agriculture, industry, science, and defense
Government still controlled major industries – efficiency stressed
Welcomed foreign businesses and technology
Special Economic Zones created
Sparked economic growth and raised standards of living

9. Tiananmen Square Massacre
1989 – May-June
100,000 rallied for democracy
Government sent in troops and tanks
Thousands were killed or wounded
Supporters were shot, imprisoned tortured or silenced
Damaged China’s prestige abroad

10. China After Deng 1997 - Deng Xiaping dies
1997 – Hong Kong acquired from the British
1999 – Macao reacquired from the Portuguese
Taiwan’s status is still up in the air

11. Post World War II South Asia
AP World History

12. Dividing the Subcontinent
India granted independence in 1947
West & East Pakistan created from Muslim majority areas
Violence erupted from mass movements – millions killed
Gandhi assassinated in 1948

13. India 1st Prime Minister – Jawaharlal Nehru
1964 – Nehru’s daughter, Indira becomes Prime Minister
1984 – Indira Gandhi assassinated

14. India & Pakistan 1971 – Civil war between East & West Pakistan
1971 – East Pakistan becomes Bangladesh
Since 1947 – India & Pakistan have fought over Kashmir
Both India & Pakistan now have nuclear weapons