1. Unit 5 Review The Executive Branch

2. The Presidency The Evolution of the Presidency  The Presidency in the Constitution Qualifications Powers and Duties Military Power  War Powers Resolution Diplomatic Power  Treaties  Executive agreements  Diplomatic recognition Appointment Power Veto Power

3. The Presidency Strengthening the Presidency  Executive Privilege U.S. v. Nixon  Impoundment of Funds Budget Reform and Impoundment Act of 1974  The President as Morale Builder  Agenda Setting  Power of Persuasion  Executive Orders  Changing Veto Power Line item Legislative INS v. Chadha

4. The Presidency Presidential Character  Active v. Passive  Positive v. Negative The Issue of Gridlock  Divided Government Other Important Members of the Executive Branch  The Vice President 12 th Amendment

5. The Presidency  The White House Office Pyramid model Circular model  The Executive Office of the President National Security Council Office of Management and Budget The National Economic Council  The Cabinet  Independent Agencies and Commissions Selection of the President  Electoral College

6. The Presidency Presidential Disability and Succession  22 nd Amendment  Presidential Disability 25 th Amendment  Presidential Succession 1947 Succession Act The Impeachment Process

7. The Bureaucracy Bureaucracy in Modern Governments  Max Weber’s Bureaucracy Hierarchical authority structure Task specialization Extensive rules Clear goals Merit principle Impersonality  The American Federal Bureaucracy Divided supervision Close public scrutiny Regulation rather than public ownership

8. The Bureaucracy The Growth of the Federal Bureaucracy  Patronage Spoils system  The Pendleton Act Civil Service Commission  The Modern Bureaucracy Office of Personnel Management The Merit Systems Protection Board Who are the Bureaucrats?  3.2 million civilians, 1.8 million military  57% male  73% white  Average age: 42  Only 10% work in DC

9. The Bureaucracy The Organization of the Bureaucracy  Cabinet Departments  2004 Intelligence Bill  Independent Regulatory Agencies Federal Reserve Board Securities and Exchange Commission  Government Corporations Postal Service Amtrak  Independent Executive Agencies NASA

10. The Bureaucracy What do Bureaucrats do?  Discretionary Authority  Implementation  Regulation Accountability  Congress Duplication Authorization Hearings Rewriting legislation  The President Appointments Executive Orders Economic Powers Reorganization

11. The Bureaucracy The Bureaucracy and Interest Groups  Iron Triangles  Issue Networks Reforming the Bureaucracy  The Merit System and the Hatch Act  Criticisms Red tape Conflict Duplication Unchecked growth Waste Lack of accountability

12. The Bureaucracy  Suggestions for Reform Limiting appointments Making it easier to fire a bureaucrat Rotating professionals between agencies and from outside Rewarding employee initiatives and fewer rules Emphasizing customer satisfaction