2. A political organization offering services to business and voters in exchange for political or financial support

4. › Huge growth in cities = huge problems › New demands on public services:  Fire  Police  Sanitation › bridges, roads, parks, schools, sewer systems, utility systems needed to be built › Political Machines developed to get things done.

5. › Goal of PMs = get candidates they supported elected to office › “Bosses” managed the Political Machines  Controlled the local party officials › Local party officials  Handed out jobs, political favors, social services = loyalty  local residents – voted for political machine’s candidates

7. › Machines gained loyalty of the urban poor › Tammany Hall of New York  met immigrants as they exited Ellis Island  Recommended housing and jobs, helped them get settled  Helped get new immigrants naturalized and able to vote for Tammany Hall candidates

8. › Political Machines had to keep power.  Resorted to corruption to take and keep control › Election Fraud  Voter Fraud –  machines would organize groups of voter to vote multiple times  names of the dead would be used to help non-registered voters cast ballots  used disguises to vote multiple times  paid off election officials to overlook discrepancies (in Philadelphia, a district with only 100 registered voters returned 252 votes)

11.  Party officials tried to increase political power and gain personal wealth  Graft – acquiring money through illegal or dishonest methods  Pocketed money meant for public works  Kickbacks  Bosses gave contracts for work to people who would pay them a portion of the earnings from the contract  Bosses granted certain companies monopoly power in exchange for cash payments