2. “Ugliness Beneath” Gilded Age

3. Political Machine Organized political group headed by a political boss Offered services …but expected: Relationship with immigrants Corruption/graft Boss Tweed (William) Tammany Hall (NYC)

4. POLITICAL BOSS controlled activities of a political party in a city. Offered services to voters & businesses in exchange for political or financial support. – For example: jobs, place to live, bailed out of jail for petty crimes Took advantage of immigrants

5. GRAFT Many Bosses got rich through GRAFT-the illegal use of political influence for personal gain. To win elections, some filled the list of eligible voters w/names of dogs, children, & the dead.

6. BOSS TWEED & TAMMANY HALL William Marcy Tweed, a.k.a. “Boss Tweed”, one of the most powerful political bosses. Became head of Tammany Hall, New York City’s most powerful Democratic machine.

7. ©CSCOPE 20086 Boss Tweed Picture from Boss Tweed Page http://www.polaris.edu/iltli/Tchrpgs/Tweed.htm "Stop them damn pictures. I don't care what the papers write about me. My constituents can't read. But, damn it, they can see the pictures."

9. Tammany Tiger on top of Manhattan

10. Political Machine - My notes may look like this: Organized political group headed by a political boss- controlled activities of a political party Offered services -jobs, housing, bail $ …but expected: a vote in return for services Relationship with immigrants -taken advantage of Corruption/graft –illegal use of political influence for personal gain Boss Tweed (William) –Political boss in NY Tammany Hall (NYC) –NYC’s Democratic Political Machine

11. Patronage—Spoils System Andrew Jackson Civil Service Assassination of President Garfield Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883) -established exams/qualifications -protects against political pressure -political changes should not effect services (keep skilled employees on the job) -jobs are positions held by civilians in a government agency (police officers, fire fighters, public defenders)

12. Treatment of Minorities Legalized segregation De facto segregation Literacy tests Poll tax Racism Lynching

13. Problems of Urbanization High population Tenement living Poverty Sanitation/pollution Child labor Alcoholism

14. Problems of Industrialization Unskilled labor replaced skilled labor Child Labor Low wages long hours Unsafe working environment Blacklists against organized labor unions No political power for working poor

15. Negative Effects of Laissez-faire No regulation of wages, working hours/week No help when injured on the job Child labor Discrimination Govt preferential treatment of management/ownership over workers

16. Huge Disparity between those who have everything…and those (most Americans) who have little…