1.  Bellwork:  Review: How were monopolies/trusts bad for consumers?  Hand in Guided Reading 21.2  Classwork:  Notes in notebook.  Homework  Reading on Political Machines

2. The Progressive Era reforms

3.  Political bosses do favors and then people vote how they are told (spoils system)  Quid-pro-quo (something for something)(something for something)

4.  Boss Tweed ran the Tammany Hall political machine in New York City  Thomas Nast attacked his behavior in a series of political cartoons to turn the public against him (he was a muckraker.) Thomas Nast

5.  Civil Service system was created to eliminate the spoils system by creating competitive exams for jobs  Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 required railroads to charge and publish “reasonable and just” rates to insure fair practices

6.  Meat Inspection Act of 1906 and Pure Food and Drug Act were created after Upton Sinclair’s book  Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1912 to provide for direct election of senators to cut down on corruption.

7.  1890: Sherman Anti-Trust Act  Monopolies and trusts = illegal  BUT didn’t define what monopolies and trusts were, so it was hard to enforce  1914: Clayton Anti-Trust Act  Added to Sherman Act – enforcement became possible  1914: Federal Trade Commission Act  Gave government power to investigate companies for unfair trade practices