1. Chapter 10 The Union in Peril
Protest, Resistance, and Violence

2. Fugitive Slave Act Compromise of 1850 included Fugitive Slave Act
All people in free states were required to catch and return all fugitive slaves. Anyone who did not help would be jailed
Fugitive slaves were not allowed trial by jury (Violates 6th Amendment)
Were not allowed to testify at their own trial
This law led to increasing support of the Underground Railroad

3. The Underground Railroad
Secret group of abolitionists who helped runaway slaves travel to Canada
“Conductors”
Hid slaves in secret tunnels, provided them with food/water, escorted them to next “station”

4. Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman- former slave helped people escape North
Said to have helped over 300 slaves escape
Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad

5. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Book by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Gave a dramatic account of the cruelty of slavery
Turned many people against slavery
North- criticized Fugitive Slave Act
South- criticized book as an attack on the South

6. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
By the 1850s the area above Texas was ready to be recognized as a territory in preparation to becoming a state.
It was North of the 36x30 line. The Compromise of 1850 had stated that these territories could decide for themselves if they were going to be free or slave.

7. Kansas-Nebraska Act
Stephen Douglas- wants to construct a railroad from Chicago to San Francisco
Also wanted to unify country – strengthen Dem. Party – felt Popular Sovereignty was fair
Problem was NB was above 36 30’ – he assumed they would enter union as 2 states: 1 free & 1 slave
He thought no need for slaves on prairie – but supported repeal of Missouri Compromise to appease South

9. Kansas-Nebraska Act
In 1854 Congress passed a bill creating 2 territories-
Kansas (South) and Nebraska (North).
- Slavery in each territory would be decided by the voters=Popular Sovereignty.
-Results:
Bleeding Kansas-Settlers poured into KS to sway the vote – some farmers, emigrant groups and antislavery migrants lots of violence
The Democratic Party lost support in the North but gained it in the South. Democrats were pro-slavery.
The Republican Party is created and it gained power among those against slavery.