1. Cell Structure and Function
BUT FIRST…

2. LET
ME TAKE A

3. Cells
Smallest living unit
Most are microscopic

4. Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke (mid-1600s) Observed sliver of cork
Saw “row of empty boxes”
Coined the term cell

5. Discovery of Cells Anton van Leeuwenhoek (late1600s)
First to observe living cells in pond water (“animalcules”)
Father of Microbiology

6. Cell theory (1839) Matthias Schleiden (plant cells)
Theodor Schwann (animal cells)
“ all living things are made of cells”
(50 yrs. later) Randolph Virchow
“all cells come from cells”

7. Principles of Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells
Smallest living unit of structure and function of all organisms is the cell
All cells arise from preexisting cells
(this principle discarded the idea of
spontaneous generation)

8. Cell Size

9. Cell Types
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

10. Prokaryotic Cells First cell type on earth
Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea

11. Prokaryotic Cells No membrane bound nucleus
Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration
Organelles not bound by membranes

12. Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus bound by membrane
Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells
Possess many organelles
Protozoan

13. Characteristics of All Cells
A surrounding membrane
Cytoplasm – cell contents in thick fluid
Organelles – structures for cell function
Control center with DNA

14. Animal Cell

15. Plant Cell

16. Cell Organelles Cellular machinery
Tiny “organs” of the cell that have a specific function (“little organ”)
Found only in Eukaryotic cells

17. Cell Membrane Double layer of phospholipids & proteins
Controls what enters and exits the cell

19. Cell Walls Found in plants, fungi, & many protists NOT in animal cells
Surrounds cell membrane

20. Cell Wall Plants – cell wall is mostly cellulose
which gives it structure and strength

21. Thick gel-like fluid where organelles are found
Cytoplasm
Thick gel-like fluid where organelles are found

22. Cilia & Flagella Provide motility/movement Cilia Flagella
Short…used to move substances outside human cells
Flagella
Whip-like extensions--Found on sperm cells

23. Nucleus Control center of cell Double membrane Contains
DNA—genetic material
Nucleolus

24. Nuclear Membrane Separates nucleus from rest of cell Double membrane
Has pores

25. DNA
Hereditary material
Chromosomes
DNA
Proteins

26. Nucleolus Most cells have 2 or more Directs synthesis of RNA
Forms ribosomes

27. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Helps move substances within cells
Network of interconnected membranes
Two types
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

28. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes attached to surface
Manufacture proteins
Not all ribosomes attached to rough ER
May modify proteins from ribosomes

29. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
No attached ribosomes
Has enzymes that help build molecules
Carbohydrates
Lipids

30. Golgi Apparatus Involved in synthesis of plant cell wall
Packaging & shipping station of cell

31. Golgi Apparatus Function
1. Molecules come in vesicles
2. Vesicles fuse with Golgi membrane
3. Molecules may be modified by Golgi

32. Golgi Apparatus Function (Continued)
4. Molecules pinched-off in separate vesicle
5. Vesicle leaves Golgi apparatus
6. Vesicles may combine with plasma membrane to secrete contents

34. Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes Functions
Break down old cell parts
Digests invaders

35. Vacuoles
Membrane bound storage sacs
Larger in plants than animals

36. Mitochondria Break down fuel molecules (cellular respiration)
Glucose
Fatty acids
Release energy
ATP

37. Mitochondria
Have their own DNA
Bound by double membrane

38. Capture sunlight to help plant make food
Chloroplasts
Capture sunlight to help plant make food
(photosynthesis)

39. Review of Eukaryotic Cells

40. Review of Eukaryotic Cells