1. Name: Date: Period: Chapter 7 Study Guide 1.What determines the structure (shape) of a cell? 2.Explain why cells were unknown to science until the mid-1600’s. 3.Relate “Hooke” to “cell.” 4.Relate “Leeuwenhoek” to “microorganisms.” 5.List the three statements of the cell theory. 6.Explain what is meant by the following statement: “cells are the basic units of life.” 7.List one advantage and one disadvantage of using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to view cells. 8.Differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (location of DNA, organelles, size, complexity). 9.List two characteristics that eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common. 10.List one example of a prokaryote. 11.List four examples of eukaryotes. 12.Differentiate between “unicellular” and “multicellular.” 13.Relate “eukaryote” to “multicellular.” 14.Explain what is meant by the following statement: “most eukaryotic cells are highly specialized.” 15.Differentiate between a virus and a bacteria. 16.Identify a cell’s most important job. 17.Relate “organelle” to “protein.” 18.Identify the two main divisions of a eukaryotic cell. 19.Explain how an organelle is separated from the rest of the cell. 20.Identify the function of the cell membrane. 21. Relate “cell membrane” to “lipid.” 22. Explain why cell membranes are made from lipids. 23.Differentiate between a cell membrane and a cell wall. 24. Identify the main function of the nucleus.

2. 25. Relate “DNA” to “protein.” 26. Explain why the nuclear envelope is dotted with pores. 27.Describe chromatin. 28. Differentiate between “chromatin” and “chromosome.” 29. Identify the main function of ribosomes. 30. Relate “ribosome” to “rough ER.” 31. Identify the main function of rough ER. 32. Identify the main function of smooth ER. 33. Explain why smooth ER is NOT involved in the production of protein. 34. Relate “rough ER” to “Golgi apparatus.” 35. Identify the main function of the Golgi apparatus. 36.Relate “Golgi apparatus” to “secrete.” 37.List four types of proteins that would be produced by animal cells, and identify the proteins that would be secreted. 38.Identify the main function of the vacuole. 39.Identify the function of the central vacuole in plants. 40.Identify the function of the contractile vacuole in protists. 41.Identify the function of lysosomes. 42.Relate “lysosome” to “enzyme.” 43.Identify the main function of mitochondria. 44.Explain why all cells (including plant cells) need mitochondria. 45.A molecule of starch enters the bloodstream from the stomach and makes its way to a leg muscle cell. After it enters the cell, describe how the cell’s lysosome and mitochondria will process the starch for energy. 46.Identify the main function of chloroplasts. 47.List two types of cells that contain chloroplasts. 48.Identify the main function of the cytoskeleton. 49.Identify the special function of the cytoskeleton in protists. 50.List four ways that a cell is like a factory.

3. AnimalPlantFungusProtistBacteria Type of cell Size Complexity Specialization Multicellular/ unicellular Contains DNA? Location of DNA Cell membrane Cell wall Ribosomes (not membrane- bound) Rough ER Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Central vacuole Contractile vacuole Mitochondria Chloroplasts Cytoskeleton Types of Cells Graphic Organizer