2. statueGrand Canyon Sand Pile What do These 3 Things Have in Common??

3. They have all been subjected to the process of WEATHERING

4. WEATHERING : is THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESS THAT CHANGES ROCK

5. For weathering to occur the rocks must be exposed to: WATER (hydrosphere) AIR (atmosphere) ACTION OF HUMANS & OTHER LIVING ORGANISMS

6. Evidence of Weathering: the end product of the weathering of rock is SEDIMENT

7. PHYSICAL WEATHERING: ROCKS ARE BROKEN INTO SMALLER PIECES WITHOUT CHANGING THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE ROCK

8. Explain how water and wind can can cause physical weathering in the following ways:

9. The alternate freezing and thawing of water

10. WATER EXPANDS WHEN IT FREEZES This is called…….

11. Ice Wedging or Frost Action

12. a weathered sidewalk

13. *ABRASION

14. RUNNING WATER AND WIND CAN RUB OR WEAR DOWN ROCKS

16. * BIOLOGIC ACTIVITY

17. A sidewalk being lifted by the tree roots!!

19. *Humans can influence the rate of weathering by the use of powerful equipment

20. If you increase the surface area you will ___________ the rate of weathering increase

21. Surface area rate of weathering

22. CHEMICAL WEATHERING : Rocks are broken and the chemical composition is also ___________ CHANGED

23. OXIDATION OCCURS WHEN __________ FROM AIR COMBINES WITH ___________ TO FORM OXIDES OXYGEN MINERALS RUST

24. CARBONATION OCCURS WHEN __________ CONTAINING __________ ACID DISSOLVES MINERALS WATER CARBONIC

25. EX. LIMESTONE CAVES

27. * POLLUTANTS can speed up the rate of chemical weathering OXIDES OF SULFER AND NITROGEN MAKE RAINWATER UNNATURALLY ACIDIC ACID RAIN

28. HYDRATION OCCURS WHEN _______ SUCH AS MICA AND FELDSPAR ABSORB ________ AND WEAKEN AND FORM ________ MINERALS WATER CLAY

29. CLIMATIC EFFECTS ON WEATHERING: PHYSICAL WEATHERING DOMINATES IN COLD, MOIST CLIMATES

30. CLIMATIC EFFECTS ON WEATHERING: CHEMICAL WEATHERING DOMINATES IN WARM, MOIST CLIMATES

31. IN GENERAL WHEN THERE IS MORE THERE IS MORE WEATHERING MOISTURE

32. CLEOPATRA’S NEEDLE Central Park

33. RATE OF WEATHERING ALSO DEPENDS ON: MINERAL COMPOSITION ROCK RESISTANCE (HARDNESS)

35. SHALE SANDSTONE SHALE SANDSTONE LIMESTONE SHALE DOLOSTONE WHICH ROCK IS THE MOST RESISTANT TO WEATHERING? WATER

36. SHALE SANDSTONE SHALE SANDSTONE LIMESTONE SHALE DOLOSTONE WHICH ROCK IS THE MOST RESISTANT TO WEATHERING?

37. SHALE SANDSTONE SHALE SANDSTONE LIMESTONE SHALE WHICH ROCK IS THE LEAST RESISTANT TO WEATHERING? DOLOSTONE

38. SHALE SANDSTONE SHALE SANDSTONE LIMESTONE SHALE WHICH ROCK IS THE LEAST RESISTANT TO WEATHERING? DOLOSTONE

39. SOIL FORMATION: SOIL IS THE COMBINATION OF: ROCK PARTICLES MINERALS ORGANIC MATTER

42. EROSION: TRANSPORT OF SEDIMENTS

43. AND DEPOSITING THEM ELSEWHERE

44. EROSION IS DRIVEN BY THE FORCE OF GRAVITY

45. THE AGENTS OF EROSION ARE:  RUNNING WATER  WIND  MOVING ICE (GLACIERS)

46. Each Agent of Erosion Produces it’s Own Characteristic shape and Texture in the Sediment :

48. ROUNDS AND SMOOTHES THE ROCK SURFACE ALSO MAKES IT SMALLER

49. WIND BLOWN SEDIMENTS FROST AND PIT THE ROCK SURFACE

50. SMALL SEDIMENTS IN THE GLACIER POLISHES & SMOOTHES THE ROCK SURFACE LARGE SEDIMENTS SCRATCH AND STRIATE THE ROCK SURFACE

51. FALLEN ROCKS ARE SHARP & ANGULAR

52. RUNNING WATER The primary agent of erosion is:

53. Colorado River

54. Grand Canyon

55. Niagra Falls