1. Reading Assignment: Chapter 4 Blood & Circulation end

2. Evolution of Gnathostomes end Dunklesoteus

3. Cenozoic Mesozoic 65 Paleozoic 248 590 mya PeriodsEra Permian Cretaceous Quaternary Cambrian 505 Ordovician 438 Silurian 408 Devonian 360 Carboniferous 286 Triassic 213 Jurassic 144 Tertiary 2 ostracoderms origin Myxini ? Ceph. placoderms Elasmobranchii Holocephali Acanthodii Chondrostei sharks skates rays gar bowfin Teleostei ChondrichthyesActinoptergii Sarcopterygii lungfish coelacanth amphibians ostracoderm placoderm end

5. Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless Notochord No appendicular skeleton Myxini--hagfishes end

6. Cephalaspidomorphi-lampreys Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless cartilaginous vertebrae, no centra No appendicular skeleton end

7. Placodermi-placoderms first jaws Skull--first jawed fishes; bony tooth plates end

8. Chondrichthyes- sharks, skates, rays, ratfishes Skull--cartilaginous; jaws protrusible, first true teeth cartilaginous vertebrate with centra Pelvic and pectoral fins well developed end

9. Actinopterygii--ray-finned fishes puffer Skull--cartilaginous or bony; jaws with teeth; jaws variable cartilaginous or bony vertebral column with centra pelvic and pectoral fins well developed end

10. gut cranium mouth Evolution of the jaw Primitive jawless stage visceral cartilages 8-9 arches gill slits end

11. hypothetical placoderm jaw mandibular arch end

12. chondirchthyian hyoid arch spiracle end

13. Osteichthyian skull --5 elements 1. neurocranium 2. jaw 4. Branchiohyoid apparatus 3. suspensorium 5. Opercular bones end

14. Respiration: end

15. Blood Circulation: heart Gill filaments Gill rakers end

16. Oxygen transfer: gill arch bone gill filaments water gill lamellae Fig. 3.1 end

17. Factors affecting oxygen diffusion? concentration gradient distance surface area end

18. Gill data: end memb. thickness surface area mm 2 /g number of lamellae/mm icefish 35  m 8 mackerel532 bullhead50 tuna 1500-3000

19. Gill Ventilation: Two-stage pump body Buccal cavity Opercular flap Opercular cavity Oral valve end

20. Function of Respiratory Pump 1. Floor of buccal cavity drops vol.  operculum moves out vol.  2. floor of buccal cavity rises vol.  operculum moves in vol.  end

21. Gill Ventilation: buccal pump See Fig. 3.5 end

22. open Gill Ventilation: buccal pump volume oral valve end

23. Gill Ventilation: buccal pump closed volume oral valve end

24. open Gill Ventilation: buccal pump volume oral valve end side view

25. closed Gill Ventilation: buccal pump volume oral valve end side view

26. open Gill Ventilation: buccal pump closed volume end

27. Gill Ventilation: buccal pump volume closed oral valve end

28. Gill Ventilation: opercular pump end

29. Gill Ventilation: opercular pump end

30. Gill Ventilation: opercular pump end

32. Water Pressure: end

33. End

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35. 65 248 590 mya PeriodsEra ?

36. Cenozoic Mesozoic 65 Paleozoic 248 590 mya PeriodsEra Permian Cretaceous Quaternary Cambrian 505 Ordovician 438 Silurian 408 Devonian 360 Carboniferous 286 Triassic 213 Jurassic 144 Tertiary 2 ostracoderms origin Myxini ? Ceph. placoderms Elasmobranchii Holocephali Acanthodii Chondrostei sharks skates rays gar bowfin Teleostei ChondrichthyesOsteichthyes Actinopterygii Sarcopterygii lungfish coelacanth amphibians ostracoderm placoderm

37. Grand Forks Inkster Ardoch Manvel Forest River Hwy 18 Hwy 1 to Johnstown I29 Hwy 18 UND Biol. Area 0.5 mi 3 mi tree line Turn right on gravel road just past tree line, go north for 0.5 mi, turn right on two-track road just before Farm house, pass ravine on left and turn left following Ravine on the left, stop by chain link fence compound. stop here farm house I29 Hwy 81