1. AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

2. Warm Up People of the Scientific Revolution 1. sun-centered conception of the universe 2. (Earth-centered) conception of the universe 3. Stated that the orbits of planets are elliptical 4. Built the first telescope and made regular observation 5. Stated that the heart, not the liver, was the beginning point of blood circulation 6. Invented the microscope 7. volume of gas varies with the amount of pressure exerted on it 8. Invented the scientific method

4. Also known as the Age of Reason  Scientific Revolution laid the foundation for a modern world view based on: Rationalism = reason is the chief source of knowledgeRationalism = reason is the chief source of knowledge Secularization = indifference to or rejection of religion or religious considerationSecularization = indifference to or rejection of religion or religious consideration  Use the scientific method to make progress towards a better society

5. Reason could be used to study and question human nature and societyReason could be used to study and question human nature and society  Philosophe = intellectual of the Enlightenment Want to change the worldWant to change the world Mostly of the nobility and middle class, most are FrenchMostly of the nobility and middle class, most are French

8.  Salon = elegant drawing rooms, where philosophers meet to discuss and spread ideas Usually hosted by wealthy womenUsually hosted by wealthy women  Enlightenment influenced by two Englishmen: Newton – find natural laws, using his methods, that govern human societyNewton – find natural laws, using his methods, that govern human society Locke – people are molded by their experiences and can change with environmentLocke – people are molded by their experiences and can change with environment

11.  Philosophes began to question ideas that had been long held as absolute truths, such as absolute monarchy and hierarchy in society Scientific Revolution Enlightenment Revolutions

14. Enlightened Monarchs  Also known as Enlightened Absolutists, these are European monarchs who sought to govern using Enlightenment ideals They were able to play with the ideas of the philosophes without threatening their own powerThey were able to play with the ideas of the philosophes without threatening their own power

15. Did not bring about much reform, thought it would take away from their own powerDid not bring about much reform, thought it would take away from their own power  Three well-known Enlightened Monarchs Frederick II the Great of PrussiaFrederick II the Great of Prussia Catherine the Great of RussiaCatherine the Great of Russia Joseph II of AustriaJoseph II of Austria

19. War of Austrian Succession  Rivalry between the Austrian family, the Hapsburgs, and the Prussian family, the Hollenzollerns  Austrian Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI had no male heir so he issued the Pragmatic Sanction

22. Stated that the empire could be passed to a female heir, his daughter Maria TheresaStated that the empire could be passed to a female heir, his daughter Maria Theresa Also all Hapsburg lands would remain intact under one rulerAlso all Hapsburg lands would remain intact under one ruler All European rulers agreed to thisAll European rulers agreed to this  In 1740 Charles dies and Frederick the Great of Prussia, followed quickly by France, violate the Sanction and invade Austrian territory

23. Prussia seizes Silesia, one of the richest Austrian provincesPrussia seizes Silesia, one of the richest Austrian provinces Great Britain joins the war on the side of Austria against France, Prussia, and SpainGreat Britain joins the war on the side of Austria against France, Prussia, and Spain  Fought in three areas of the world: EuropeEurope AsiaAsia North AmericaNorth America  At the end of the war in 1748, all property is returned except Silesia, which Prussia keeps

24. Seven Years’ War  Lasts from 1756 to 1763  Austria is angry about Silesia and wants revenge Diplomatic Revolution = Austria makes an alliance with traditional enemy France against PrussiaDiplomatic Revolution = Austria makes an alliance with traditional enemy France against Prussia  Russia also joins, although they pull out during the war

25.  causing 900,000 to 1,400,000 deaths  The war began with Frederick the Great of Prussia's invasion of Saxony. Frederick the GreatFrederick the Great  In the United States, however, North American part of the war is known as the French and Indian War. French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War  Russia gets out of war because they get a new emperor who does not want to be involved

26. Due to this, Great Britain allies with PrussiaDue to this, Great Britain allies with Prussia  Rivalries over colonies also played a major role in leading to this war  Areas of conflict: Europe – all territories returned at war’s endEurope – all territories returned at war’s end

28. India – known as the Great War for EmpireIndia – known as the Great War for Empire  France leaves India to Britain North America – also known as the French and Indian WarNorth America – also known as the French and Indian War  Britain gains Canada from France and Florida from Spain  Louisiana Territory goes to Spain (for losing Florida)

29.  The war ends with Prussia winning on the European continent and Great Britain winning overseas The Treaty of Paris makes Great Britain the world’s greatest colonial powerThe Treaty of Paris makes Great Britain the world’s greatest colonial power France loses big and wants revengeFrance loses big and wants revenge