1. MELTING AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC FLOOR TILE GLAZES Nikoletta PUSKÁS Dr. László A. GÖMZE University of Miskolc, Department of Ceramics and Silicate Engineering microCAD 2006 Miskolc 16-17 March 2006

2. microCAD 2006 2 Introduction There is a big competition in the floor tile market There is a big competition in the floor tile market Continuous developments are necessary Continuous developments are necessary Comparing of glazes with different compositions Find a way to develop better coatings than present used

3. 16-17 March 2006 microCAD 2006 3 Materials – Compositions Glazes Materials Components m% I.II.III.IV.V.VI. CaO93106113 Al 2 O 3 1520182322 SiO 2 505354554663 ZnO1488685 Na 2 O9948100 Other oxides376237 Substrate OxidesMgOAl 2 O 3 SiO 2 K2OK2OFe 2 O 3 Na 2 O m %12368332

4. 16-17 March 2006 microCAD 2006 4 Materials – Technology Densities of glaze suspensions: 1: 1350 g/l  2: 1500 g/l  Firing temperature: 1220 °C Dipping

5. 16-17 March 2006 microCAD 2006 5 Testing methods – Wear resistance SiC powder 78,5 m wearing

6. 16-17 March 2006 microCAD 2006 6 Results – Wear resistance 1500 g/l Sign of glazes Original heigh t Original weigh t Worn height 78,5 m Worn weight 78,5 m (mm)(g)(mm)(g) I717,976,762517,91 II6,79517,5056,70617,395 III7,0218,0256,817,955 IV7,08117,97,012517,87 V7,0617,967,018517,91 VI7,1818,177,067518,055

7. 16-17 March 2006 microCAD 2006 7 Testing methods – Microhardness measurement Applied loading force: 1 N Time of loading: 10 sec

8. 16-17 March 2006 microCAD 2006 8 Results – Microhardness Sign of glazes(HVM) I550 II683 III727 IV567 V646 VI662

9. 16-17 March 2006 microCAD 2006 9 Testing methods – Hot stage microscopy Melting Wetting Heating: about 20 °C/min Ar atmosphere

10. 16-17 March 2006 microCAD 2006 10 Testing methods – Hot stage microscopy - Melting Photos made on different temperatures show the process of softening and melting

11. 16-17 March 2006 microCAD 2006 11 Testing methods – Hot stage microscopy - Wetting Possibilities: Wetting (  <90°) Non wetting (  >90°) Perfect wetting (  =0°)

12. 16-17 March 2006 microCAD 2006 12 Results – Hot stage microscopy - Melting 21 1125 1200 (°C) 1210 1240 1260 (°C) 1300 (°C)

13. 16-17 March 2006 microCAD 2006 13 Results – Hot stage microscopy - Melting I. II. III. IV. V. VI. 1300 °C

14. 16-17 March 2006 microCAD 2006 14 Results – Hot stage microscopy - Wetting V. VI. 1300 °C Components m% V.VI. CaO113 Al 2 O 3 22 SiO 2 4663 ZnO85 Na 2 O100 Other oxides37

15. 16-17 March 2006 microCAD 2006 15 Conclusions 6 type of floor tile glezes were compared, examined. 6 type of floor tile glezes were compared, examined. The III. signed glaze has the best mechanical properties, although the IV. signed glaze lost less from weigh during wearing. The III. signed glaze has the best mechanical properties, although the IV. signed glaze lost less from weigh during wearing. On the basis of the hot stage microscopy the V. signed glaze has the best melting and wetting properties, and the VI. signed glaze has the worst properties. On the basis of the hot stage microscopy the V. signed glaze has the best melting and wetting properties, and the VI. signed glaze has the worst properties. The III. signed glaze has good mechanical and melting properties as well.  This composition can be a way to develop better glaze coatings than present used. The III. signed glaze has good mechanical and melting properties as well.  This composition can be a way to develop better glaze coatings than present used.

16. 16-17 March 2006 microCAD 2006 16 Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry Department of Mechanical Technology Department of Mechanical Technology Acknowledgement

17. Many thanks for your attention! Nikoletta PUSKÁS Dr. László A. GÖMZE femniki@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu femniki@uni-miskolc.hu femgomze@uni-miskolc.hu