2. Industrialization and Segregation

3. Define stock. Shares of ownership in a corporationShares of ownership in a corporation

4. Define stockholders. Part owners of a corporationPart owners of a corporation

5. What are two advantages of a corporation? 1) Raise capital1) Raise capital 2) Limited Liability2) Limited Liability

6. What is another term for capital? MoneyMoney

7. What does it mean for a corporation to have limited liability? The corporation itself, rather than the individual stockholders (owners), is responsible for the business’s actions.The corporation itself, rather than the individual stockholders (owners), is responsible for the business’s actions.

8. What process made possible the large-scale production of steel? Bessemer processBessemer process

9. What is the Bessemer process? A cheap way of making steel by forcing cold air through molten iron to remove its impurities; [Molten iron is iron that has been heated until it becomes a liquid.]A cheap way of making steel by forcing cold air through molten iron to remove its impurities; [Molten iron is iron that has been heated until it becomes a liquid.]

10. What new type of buildings were constructed with steel? SkyscrapersSkyscrapers

11. Who perfected the electric light bulb for every day use? Thomas EdisonThomas Edison

12. Who invented the telephone? Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell

13. With what invention were the Wright Brothers associated? The airplaneThe airplane

14. Who developed the conveyor belt assembly line for the manufacture of automobiles? Henry FordHenry Ford

15. With what industry was Andrew Carnegie associated? SteelSteel

16. For what type of business was J.P. Morgan known? Finance or BankingFinance or Banking

17. With what industry was John D. Rockefeller associated? OilOil

18. With what industry was Cornelius Vanderbilt associated? RailroadsRailroads

19. What is capitalism? An economic system based on private ownership of property and free competitionAn economic system based on private ownership of property and free competition

20. What does laissez faire mean? An economic philosophy that says government should leave business alone; let business do what it wants. Government should neither help nor hinder business.An economic philosophy that says government should leave business alone; let business do what it wants. Government should neither help nor hinder business.

21. Who wrote Wealth of Nations? Adam SmithAdam Smith

22. What 18th century Scottish philosopher developed the laissez faire economic theory? Adam SmithAdam Smith

23. What does racial segregation mean? Separation of the racesSeparation of the races

24. What was another name for segregation laws? Jim Crow LawsJim Crow Laws

25. How did the Supreme Court rule in 1896 in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson? Racial segregation was constitutional (legal).Racial segregation was constitutional (legal).

26. What doctrine was established by the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson? The “Separate But Equal” DoctrineThe “Separate But Equal” Doctrine

27. What type of education did Booker T. Washington advocate (call for/support) for African-Americans? Vocational educationVocational education

28. What were three ideas in Booker T. Washington’s philosophy for the advancement of African-Americans? Vocational EducationVocational Education Self-HelpSelf-Help Economic SuccessEconomic Success

29. What were W.E.B. DuBois’ ideas for the advancement of African-Americans? Legal Rights and Political Equality for African-Americans NOW!Legal Rights and Political Equality for African-Americans NOW!

30. For what does NAACP stand? National Association for the Advancement of Colored PeopleNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People

31. What was the purpose of the NAACP? To gain legal and political rights for African-AmericansTo gain legal and political rights for African-Americans

32. Who was one of the founders of the NAACP? W.E.B. DuBoisW.E.B. DuBois

33. What does lynching mean? Hanging someone without a trialHanging someone without a trial

34. What African-American woman led an anti-lynching crusade during the first part of the 20 th century? Ida B. WellsIda B. Wells

35. What happened during the “Great Migration”? African-Americans moved from the South to Northern cities, especially during World War.African-Americans moved from the South to Northern cities, especially during World War.

36. Why did African-Americans move north during the Great Migration? To find jobs in Northern citiesTo find jobs in Northern cities To escape poverty and racial discrimination in the SouthTo escape poverty and racial discrimination in the South

37. What were conditions like for American factory workers in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries? Long hoursLong hours Low wagesLow wages No job securityNo job security No benefitsNo benefits

38. What is a labor union? An organization of workersAn organization of workers

39. What union was blamed for the 1886 Haymarket Square Riot? The Knights of LaborThe Knights of Labor

40. Where did the Haymarket Square Riot occur? Chicago, IllinoisChicago, Illinois

41. For what did AF of L stand? American Federation of LaborAmerican Federation of Labor

42. Who was the founder of the A F of L? Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers

43. What labor union was involved in the 1892 Homestead Steel Strike? The AF of L (American Federation of Labor)The AF of L (American Federation of Labor)

44. Which 19th century American labor union has survived until the present day? The A F of L. Today it is known as the AFL-CIO.The A F of L. Today it is known as the AFL-CIO.

45. In what major strike in the 1890s was the American Railway Union involved? The Pullman StrikeThe Pullman Strike

46. Who was president of the American Railway Union at the time of the Pullman Strike? Eugene V. DebsEugene V. Debs

47. Who won the Pullman Strike? The Pullman Company or the American Railway Union the Pullman Companythe Pullman Company

48. Which side did government take in both the Haymarket Square Riot and the Pullman Strike? Big Business or Labor? Big BusinessBig Business

49. What was one of the earliest unions to help women factory workers? International Ladies’ Garment Workers UnionInternational Ladies’ Garment Workers Union