1. European’s Natural Fiber past balance/future outlook past balance/future outlook  Technical & international balance under historical reading.  Current International Market  Hypothesis to reevaluate the hemp in the next future revising the grow method for new applications

2. Our Italian’s past Italy1940th The hemp works was like this

3. In U.S.A 1930  Tractors or machines was already the beginning of agricultural industrialization  In Italy, and in all most of the European Contries, were too poor to invest in agricoltural innovations

4. U.S.A 1940 years  Begin the first tests for field maceration or (dew)retting.  Similar to the flax process already know very well but with help of new industrialized equipment  This because the Japanese occupation of the South East Asia at that time the major US fibers supplier

5. U.S.A. 1940  Water retting was not used any more  Dew retting’s technical results was good enough for industrial scopes  Market required Industrial products, ropes, bags, parachutes and military textiles only.

6.  For a better execution of the dew retting was compulsory found out a new agronomic method more convenient for the industrial’s scopes of the fibers. U.S.A. 1942

7.  The new industrial process define the size stalks and the crops varieties for different final scopes or Differentproducts  PLS Highlight size stalks differences

8. America 1942  Finally full production chains was working well with new and proper equipment… that honestly speaking are desired till now for the nowdays hemp project.  Where today projects often failed because the low level or uncompleted mechanization

9. Years 1942 In America  Long fiber extraction and short fibers recycling was made with very specific equipment manufactured in proper size for the hemp stalks.  Please note the scutching equipment in this video

10. Italy & Europe from 1958 to 1998  Politics drastically prevents hemp cultivation, thanks to new legislation requirements. Hemp cultivation suddenly stops.  Fiber’s production for the rope work industry decreases. At the same time, also textile market strongly decreases in favor of synthetic fibers and cotton lobbies… from America.  Countries under the Soviet Union influence area including former Yugoslavia, takes market share from Italy and others European Country and grows hemp, without quitting water retting system until nowadays.  Countries under the Soviet Union influence area including former Yugoslavia, takes market share from Italy and others European Country and grows hemp, without quitting water retting system until nowadays.  USSR starts building hemp fiber extraction machineries based on the former American knowhow and monopolizes Eastern Countries market with scutching lines and carding machines installations.  Meanwhile in West Europe many textile machinery factories are closing, including the Bigs,Mackie, Brevetti Bolelli, Marzoli, Gardella. Some others are converted to work synthetic fibers.

11. Y2K: European Community promote the natural fibers use and set growing subsidy  The new tested methods did not reach satisfactory results.  Inadequate price to quality ratio.  Automotive Industries major fibers consumer look for new sources

12. From South East Asia with perfect fiber cleaning quality kenaf and jute are the best sellers and majors hemp competitor

13. TOPMIDB.BOTC.BOTX.BOT Per 100 kg. Per 100 Kg. WHITE Corchorus Capsularis TK. 5625.00 €. 54.56 Tk. 5375.00 €. 52.13 Tk.5125.00 €. 49.71 Tk. 4500.00 € 43.65 Tk. 4125.00 € 40.00 TOSSA Corchorus Olitorium TK.5750.00 €. 55.77 Tk. 5500.00 €. 53.35 Tk.5250.00 €. 50.92 Tk.4625.00 €. 44.86 Tk. 4250.00 €. 41.22 MESHTA KENAF Hibiscus C. TK 5625.00 €. 54.56 Tk..5375.00 €. 52.13 Tk. 5125.00 €. 49.71 Tk. 4500.00 €. 43.65 Tk. 4125.00 €. 40.00 Fibers price on today market Fibers price on today market

14. MESHTA: ( bale approx. 120 kg at 15% moisture) Meshta Special Tk. 12800.00 € 124.16 + 24,5 transport Meshta A Tk. 12500.00 € 121.25 + 24,5 transport Meshta B Tk. 11600.00 € 112.52 + 24,5 transport Meshta C Tk. 10100.00 € 97.97 + 24,5 transport Special Meshta Cuttings Tk. 5800.00 € 56.26 + 24,5 transport Ordinary Meshta Cuttings Tk. 5600.00 € 54.32 + 24,5 transport Meshta - SMR Tk. 8000.00 € 77.60 + 24,5 transport Fibers price on today market

15. What to do to compete ?  Basically, we need new applications and new industrial products which exploits whole hemp plant, fibers, shive and seeds  Select new hemp varieties suitable for both production purposes

16. Income statement based on the new hypothesis in accord with the today market prices Income statement based on the new hypothesis in accord with the today market prices  Example for an economic return, based on monoecius variety that allow exploitation of whole stalk materials and seeds.  Harvested hemp 8 t/ha BD.( average data )  t/ha. Price Total  Fibers 23% 1,84 € 650 € 1.196  Shives … 62% 4,96 € 300 € 1.488  Hemp seeds 0,7 € 1000 € 700  total income/hectare € 3.384  To be shared 40% Agriculture 60% 1st Industry

17. Selecting varieties more suitable for automation  Hemp must be adapted and grown in a more uniform way is suggest the use of new monoecius varieties which looks to grow in more even way.  Moreover, these varieties are available and known in Hungary and Ukraine from many years ago.  Compared to others, these species looks like more easily to be dew retted and with stable THC contents.

18. Selecting more suitable method for automation  Are existent specific machinery to harvest the seeds and collect the stalks for fiber extraction in the video with the stalks bundling for ancient water retting method..  The harvester can be set easily for windrowing the stalks for more modern and convenient dew retting

19. Rediscovering or rebuild specific equipment for scutching hemp process  Resuming the industrialization process where it has been interrupted, starting from America and then from Eastern Europe countries knowhow.  Following all dew retting phases with purposely sized machinery.  Avoiding flax engineered machinery, which are too small to process 2 meters hemp stalks.

20. New Shive’s applications to evaluate 2/3 of the hemp harvested Promoting the new applications that valorize the shive as primary product.

21. New applications for fibers converted in felts, fleeces for Agricolture or hydrophnic cultivation

22. Building Insulation mats and wall panells

23.  New hemp species should be selected based on size characteristics and evenness of ripening  Carefully follow flax retting process which is well- known. This process give good hemp quality when done through purposely engineered systems or machinery.  Combined use of all cultivation products in order to have economical return, even if without government subsidies.  Promoting new industrial products which can exploit specific features of the hemp or every annual cultivation. Conclusions

24. Thank you for your attention Valerio Zucchini Consulting & Trading We’re at your service for more information www. Valeriozucchini.com Thanks to : “Hemp for victory “ YouTube historical video Ibc Ukrainian Academy Ibc Ukrainian Academy Equilibrium srl Italy