1. Reshaping America in the Early 1800s
6.5 The Abolition Movement

2. Reshaping America in the Early 1800s Lesson 5 The Abolition Movement
Learning Objectives
Describe the hardships of the lives of enslaved African Americans and the ways in which they coped.
Explain the struggles and successes of free African Americans in the mid-1800s.
Identify the leaders and tactics of the abolition movement.
Summarize the positions and tactics of those opposed to abolition.

3. Reshaping America in the Early 1800s Lesson 5 The Abolition Movement
Key Terms
freedman
Nat Turner
abolition movement
William Lloyd Garrison
Frederick Douglass
Gag Rule

4. Expansion of Slavery
The Cotton Engine – reduced the amount of time and labor (cost) of separating the cotton seeds from the valuable white fiber
5 million pounds of cotton – 1793
170 million pounds in 1820
Invented by Eli Whitney
King Cotton
Why did slavery increase? What other effect did the cotton gin have on the US?

5. Life as an Enslaved African American
During the period of reform that swept the United States in the early and middle 1800s, reformers tried to improve life through campaigns to help children, families, and disadvantaged adults. Soon, reformers also set out to help another group of exploited people: enslaved African Americans in the South.

6. Life as an Enslaved African American
Slavery was cruel and evil
Threat of separating families a tool
Slaves practice family naming and oral traditions
They also fought back

7. Resistance Freedman – former slave
Denmark Vessey – freedman who tried a slave revolt in South Carolina (Charlestown) in 1822.
Two slaves turned him in before it started
No deaths
Vesey executed by hanging
Nat Turner – slave who heard the voice of God to try to free the slaves.
1831 Richmond Virginia
Two day killing spree – killed over 60 whites (all ages) – spared poor whites
Turner was hanged, flayed, quartered, and beheaded
At trial, mob turned against AA crowed and killed over 100 innocent blacks.
South passed tougher slave laws like forbidding teaching slaves to read.

8. Life as an Enslaved African American
Analyze Data Between the years 1820 and 1840, how much was the enslaved population increasing per decade?

9. Life as an Enslaved African American
Enslaved workers spent long, back-breaking hours stooping to pick cotton in the fields.

10. Life as an Enslaved African American
Analyze Maps Where did the earliest rebellion take place? Where did most rebellions take place?

11. Life as an Enslaved African American
Analyze Information Which three states had the largest number of enslaved people during the period shown?

12. Free African Americans
Not all people of African descent in the United States were held as slaves. Beginning with Massachusetts and Pennsylvania in the 1780s, northern states had gradually outlawed slavery by the 1840s. In Maryland and Virginia, many slaveholders were slowly manumitting, or officially freeing, their slaves. The net result was a large and growing population of free African Americans. Despite their freedom, however, they suffered from persistent racial discrimination.

13. Free African Americans
Analyze Maps Which regions of the nation had the most and fewest numbers of free African American residents? What factors likely explain these differences?

14. Free African Americans
An attempt to have slaves move back to Africa. It did not work. Why?
A certificate of membership in the American Colonization Society

15. The Antislavery Movement Grows
Misgivings about slavery had been spreading across the nation since Revolutionary times. Many northerners objected to it on moral grounds. By 1804, all states north of Maryland had passed legislation to end slavery. In 1807, bringing new slaves to any part of the United States from Africa was banned. Still, slavery was an established institution in the South, where slave labor played an important role in the economy.

16. The Antislavery Movement Grows
Northerners began to view slavery as fundamentally incompatible with the religious views they embraced during the Second Great Awakening.
Abolition movement – movement to end or abolish slavery.
William Lloyd Garrison – abolitionist and editor of The Liberator, an antislavery newspaper.
Angelina and Sarah Grimke – sisters, from SC planter, left to become abolitionist. Instrumental in the abolitionist and women’s rights movement.
Fredrick Douglass – escaped slave, speaker, and abolitionist. One of the most influentional African Americans in History.

17. The Antislavery Movement Grows
Antislavery activists like these in Virginia faced violence from supporters of slavery.

18. The Backlash Against Abolition
Despite the growing call of abolitionists, most Americans continued to support slavery. The voices against abolition came from both the slave states of the South and the free states of the North.

19. The Backlash Against Abolition
Slavery necessary for South Economy
North benefitted from it in the textile mills
Slave labor better than paid labor – slaves treated better
Bible supported slavery
Enslaved people could not survive without slaveholders
Enslaving Africans was historically inevitable

20. The Backlash Against Abolition
Southern views of slowly ending slavery died and they defended it even more.
Garrison chased in Boston
Grimke-Weld wedding had meeting hall burnt down (black guests)
Elijah Lovejoy printing press destroyed and Lovejoy murdered (Alton, Il)
Northern workers feared blacks taking their jobs
Gag rule – passed in 1836 –Congress would not debate slavery for the next 8 years.
Abolition movement small….at first.

21. The Backlash Against Abolition
Many southerners opposed abolitionism. This illustration shows the burning of abolitionist newspapers by South Carolina slavery supporters in Infer How did slavery create an atmosphere of violence even for those who were not enslaved?

22. Quiz: Life as an Enslaved African American
Who was Nat Turner?
A. a freedman who led a successful slave revolt near Charleston, South Carolina
B. a former enslaved African American who became a brutal slaver overseer
C. a former enslaved person who organized the Underground Railroad
D. an enslaved African American who organized a slave revolt near Richmond, Virginia

23. Quiz: Free African Americans
What was the main goal of the American Colonization Society?
A. to return all free African Americans to Southern states
B. to return all enslaved people in the South to Liberia
C. to encourage the migration of free African Americans to Africa
D. to establish colonies within Northern states for free African Americans

24. Quiz: The Antislavery Movement Grows
How did the Second Great Awakening affect the institution of slavery?
A. All the traveling preachers were abolitionists.
B. People began opposing slavery on religious grounds.
C. Free African Americans began preaching against it.
D. More African Americans joined Baptist congregations.

25. Quiz: The Backlash Against Abolition
What was the Gag Rule?
A. a law which prohibited debate and discussion in Congress on the subject of slavery
B. a rule passed in the South that outlawed African Americans from speaking in public
C. a congressional decision to prohibit abolitionists from publishing antislavery materials
D. a federal law that prohibited arguments in support of slavery's economic benefits