2. LUNG SOUNDS PPA

3. Stethoscope Technology Electronic Bovine Lung Score Stethoscope Our digital stethoscope technology has been in development and used on thousands of head of cattle. It is a simple, quick and non-invasive system to diagnose the condition of lungs in cattle. An electronic stethoscope is used to pick up the sound of the lung and transmit to a computer with the proprietary algorithm that classifies the lung condition. This proprietary algorithm has been developed to pick out the specialize sounds of lung auscultations and compare the sound to post mortem pathology and Histopathology.

4. Five Classes of Sounds  Normal – Lung Score 1  Mild Acute – Lung Score 2  Moderate Acute – Lung Score 3  Severe Acute – Lung Score 4  Chronic – Lung Score 5

5. Normal -Lung Score 1  Little to no pathophysiological signs  No permanent lung tissue damage  Antibiotic therapy may not be justified

6. Mild Acute - Lung Score 2  Early pathophysiological symptoms  Weight gaining ability starting to be compromised  Antibiotic therapy is necessary with expectations of excellent response from cost effective medications.

7. Moderate Acute - Lung Score 3  Some pathophysiological symptoms  Weight gaining ability compromised  Aggressive antibiotic therapy necessary for full recovery with no permanent damage

8. Severe Acute – Lung Score 4  Pathophysiological signs definitely visible  Lung Tissue quickly deteriorating  Weight gaining ability severely hampered (not permanent)  Immediate, aggressive antibiotic therapy necessary just to minimize permanent damage

9. Chronic – Lung Score 5  Advanced pathophysiology  Permanent lung tissue damage is present  Treatment will only affect new infections  Weight gaining ability permanently diminished

10. Histopathology comparison Normal Severe Acute Mild Acute Moderate Acute Chronic

11. Spectrogram comparison Normal Severe Acute Mild Acute Moderate Acute Chronic