1. Home work Thesis 1. Hair tension and it’s applications 2. Frictions and their applications 3. Frictional reduction 4. The moon movements 5. Water moving by moon gravitation 6. Solar system movements

2. 1. Net force and Newton's first law 2. Newton's second law 3. Newton's third law 4. Frictional forces 5. Gravitation 6. Circular motion 7. Centripetal force 8. Static equilibrium and reference frames

4. Teflon is actually a substance called polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which is considered to be the most slippery substance that exists

5. Review about rotation

7. Learning check

9. Part 7 Centripetal Force

10. Centripetal Force: Appear with CM F c = m.a=m.v 2 /R Perpendiculer to v

11. Exercise: Calculating Centripetal accelaration for the Moon? Giving: Moon takes 27.3 days (2.36.10 6 s) to orbit the Earth with average distance of 3.84.10 8 m radius of the moon = 1 737.4 kilometers Determine the centripetal force acts to the moon? Determine the gravity from the moon’s surface? mass of the Moon = 7.36 × 10 22 kilograms

12. Part 8 Static equilibrium and reference frames

13. Static Equilibrium Static Equilibrium :The object is either at rest Dynamic Equilibrium: The object has its center of mass moving with a constant velocity. 1-Translational Equilibrium: Equilibrium in linear motion However for object with size this is not sufficient. One more condition is needed. What is it? For rotational equilibrium: the net torque acting on the object about any axis must be zero. For an object to be in static equilibrium, it should not have linear or angular speed. CM d d F -F

14. Conditions for Equilibrium What happens if there are many forces exerted on the object? If an object is in translational and rotational static equilibrium, the net torque must be 0 about any arbitrary axis. not moving Because the object is not moving, no matter what the rotational axis is, there should not be a motion. Suppose that forces acting on x-y plane, giving torque only along z-axis. What is the conditions for equilibrium in this case? Two vector equations turn to three equations. O F1F1 F4F4 F3F3 F2F2 F5F5 r5r5 O’ r’

15. How did we solve equilibrium problems? 1.Identify all the forces and their directions and locations 2.Draw a free-body diagram with forces indicated on it 3.Write down vector force equation for each x and y component with proper signs 4.Select a rotational axis for torque calculations  Selecting the axis such that the torque of one of the unknown forces become 0. 5.Write down torque equation with proper signs 6.Solve the equations for unknown quantities

16. Learning check A uniform 40.0 N board supports a father and daughter weighing 800 N and 350 N, respectively. If the support (or fulcrum) is under the center of gravity of the board and the father is 1.00 m from CoG, what is the magnitude of normal force n exerted on the board by the support? F D n 1mx MBgMBg MFgMFgMFgMFg Determine where the child should sit to balance the system.

17. Help Since there is no linear motion, this system is in its translational equilibrium The net torque about the fulcrum by the three forces is: Therefore to balance the system, the daughter must sit Therefore the magnitude of the normal force F D n 1mx MBgMBg MFgMFgMFgMFg

18. Equilibrium Test Determine the position of the child to balance the system for different position of axis of rotation (half of X at the right side). What is the conclusion of this exercise? F D n MBgMBg MFgMFgMFgMFg 1mx x/2 Rotational axis

19. Solution No matter where the rotation axis is, net effect of the torque is identical. Since the normal force is The net torque about the axis of rotation by all the forces is Therefore The net torque can be rewritten F D n MBgMBg MFgMFgMFgMFg 1mx x/2 Rotational axis

20. Mechanical Equilibrium A uniform ladder of length l and weight mg = 50 N rests against a smooth, vertical wall. If the coefficient of static friction between the ladder and the ground is  s =0.40, find the minimum angle  min at which the ladder does not slip. FBD mgmg P f n O  l

21. Result First the translational equilibrium, using components From the rotational equilibrium The maximum static friction force just before slipping is, therefore, Thus, the normal force is mgmg P f n O

22. Inertial Reference Frames: Reference FrameA Reference Frame is the place you measure from. – It’s where you nail down your (x,y,z) axes! An Inertial Reference Frame (IRF) is one that is not accelerating or having constant velocity. – We will consider only IRFs in this course. Valid IRFs can have fixed velocities with respect to each other. – Remember that we can measure from different vantage points. Inertial Reference Frame (IRF) is different from Non-Inertial Reference Frame (NIRF) that is accelerating a  0

23. Learning check Choosing an IRF from these a) a free fall b) an UCM c) a butterfly with 5m/s of velocity d) a fly with 5m/s 2 of acceleration

24. Home work 1-

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28. 4- A person holds a 50.0N sphere in his hand. The forearm is horizontal. The biceps muscle is attached 3.00 cm from the joint, and the sphere is 35.0cm from the joint. Find the upward force exerted by the biceps on the forearm and the downward force exerted by the upper arm on the forearm and acting at the joint. Neglect the weight of forearm. O FBFB FUFU mg d l

29. 5- A uniform horizontal beam with a length of 8.00m and a weight of 200N is attached to a wall by a pin connection. Its far end is supported by a cable that makes an angle of 53.0 o with the horizontal. If 600N person stands 2.00m from the wall, find the tension in the cable, as well as the magnitude and direction of the force exerted by the wall on the beam. 8m 53.0 o 2m FBD R T   53.0 o  Tsin53 Tcos53 Rsin  Rcos 

30. Result From the rotational equilibrium Using the translational equilibrium First the translational equilibrium, using components And the magnitude of R is 8m 53.0 o 2m FBD R T   53.0 o  Tsin53 Tcos53 Rsin  Rcos 

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33. End of chapter 2 Thank you very much for your attention Please give your comment about teacher and the way of teaching ?