1. DO NOW What did you learn about the right and left hemispheres? List 3 thing that each of the lobes is capable of!

2. More Parts of the Brain We learned the main parts, now lets look at more divisions of the brain!

3. The Parts of the Brainstem

4. Pons Arousal Assists in Controlling Autonomic Functions Relays Sensory Information Between the cerebrum and cerebellum Sleep Reticular Formation located within the Pons

5. Medulla (#7) Controls Autonomic Functions Relays Nerve Signals Between the Brain and Spinal Cord

6. Midbrain Relay station for auditory and visual information Control of eye movement Degeneration of neurons in this region are linked to Parkinson’s disease.

7. The Parts of the Cerebrum neocortex or 4 lobes and the limbic system

8. What is the limbic system? Lies underneath the neocortex Homeostatic and visceral functions integrated with behavior Regulates emotion, behavior and long- term memory Pleasure, fear and rage Olfactory associations

9. Thalamus Thalamus: receives sensory and limbic information and sends to cerebral cortex Relay station Affects emotional responses and appropriate physical reactions

10. Hypothalamus Function: Homeostasis (i.e. hunger, thirst, pain, pleasure, sex drive and aggression) Stress response: stimulates hypothalamus-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis to release cortisol Cortisol regulates breathing, pulse, blood pressure and arousal in response to stress Note proximity to other parts of the limbic system, like the hippocampus and amygdala

11. Hippocampus Lies underneath the temporal lobe Encodes “short-term” memories into long- term memories Damage: Inability to form new long-term memories Long term memories are eventually stored in the cortex Mammilary bodies transmit information from hippocampus to cortex

12. Amygdala Lower end of the hippocampus on either side of the thalamus Stimulate → Fear, aggression Removed → Tame and indifferent Fear conditioning A little boy named Albert was fond of white animals, including rats. One day, a scientist by the name of James Watson made a loud, unpleasant noise with a hammer while Albert was looking at a white rat. He cried and seemed very frightened. Now every time Albert sees a rat, even when there is no noise, he starts to cry. What happened? Albert’s amygdala has learned to associate white rats with loud noises. Since he is afraid of loud noises, he is now afraid of rats by association. This is called “fear conditioning”

13. Pituitary Gland Hormone secretion Growth, puberty etc.