1. Psychology 100:12 Chapter 13 Self & Social Cognition II

2. Outline Conformity, Obedience & helping Social influences on behaviour Killing, hurting and (not) helping others Study Question: Compare and contrast social facilitation with social loafing. Why does the presence of others sometimes improve performance and other times impair it?

3. Quiz 2 QuestionABCD Answer 106510B 2204915C 3045219B 4182406C 5112350D 664002A 7228351C 8628284B 951159A 1006600B 1120622C 1214457D 1356352A Social Psychology

4. Quiz 2 QuestionABCD Answer 1455415A 1526211B 16617430C 1756370A 1860051A 1926301B 2001361D 21247610B 22100542C 23511491C 241727148B 25343182B Social Psychology

5. Social Influences on behaviour –Latanés social impact theory >Source: Person exerting the social force. >Target: Person receiving the social force. >Three Propositions.  Impact is a product of the strength, immediacy, and number of sources.  Impact of each additional source decreases as the number increases  Impact is inversely related to the number of targets

6. Social Psychology Social Influences on behaviour –Example: Stage fright >Strength, immediacy, and number of sources  Stage fright increases with status and size of audience. >Impact of each additional source decreases as the number increases  Slope of the anxiety function diminishes as audience gets larger >Impact is inversely related to the number of targets  Anxiety decreases with increasing number of actors.

7. Social Psychology Social Influences on behaviour –Other’s requests >Social impact theory predicts that we will comply  When requester has higher status (strength)  When the requester is in front of you (immediacy)  There are more than one requester (number)

8. Conformity – Asch’s experiment >Results over 76 % make at least one error  Busking and float money;  Canned laughter A B C Social Psychology

9. Obedience & authority –Person perception and authority >Wilson’s (1968) study.  Participants judged the height of a visiting speaker Introduced as Average height judgment >Student 68.75 >Demonstrator 70.5 >Lecturer 71.0 >Sr. Lecturer 71.5 >Professor 72.5

10. Blind obedience –Obedience ---> social order, law. –Blind Obedience ---> Ethnic cleansing. Milgram’s experiment –Prediction: Less than 1% would go all the way. >Results: 63 % (cf. Milgram’s 37) >Learner in same room, half a meter away: 40% >Force the hand onto the shock plate:30% >Other teachers continue: 72% >Other teacher quits: 11% SlightModerateStrongVery Strong Intense Extremely Intense DANGER XXX Shock Level Social Psychology

11. Performance Arousal LowHigh Low Easy task Moderate Task Difficult Task Social Psychology Social Facilitation, Inhibition, and Loafing –Triplett (1897) >Social Facilitation: Enhanced performance due to the presence of others. >Social Inhibition: Impaired performance due to the presence of others. –Zanjonc’s theory >Yerkes - Dodson Law  Home field disadvantage?

12. Social Psychology Social Loafing –Ringleman’s tug of war >Force = 8 X individuals + Social facilitation >Results: About 1/2 the force of the 8 individuals >Latané’s shouting experiment  Individual assessment --> Social facilitation  No Individual assessment --> Social loafing  Responsibility --> No loafing.

13. Bystander Intervention –Good Samaritan Day (March 13) > Kitty Genovese –When do we help? >When we notice the situation (Latane & Darley)  Students fill out questionnaires (self vs group)  Smoke starts to pour into the room  Solitary students notice immediately  Students in groups significantly slower to notice Social Psychology

14. –When do we help? >Assume Personal responsibility (Darly & Latané)  Participants in separate rooms and are told they were going to have a discussion over an intercom system. Subjects think a confederate is having seizure Believed they were alone, or that one or four others had heard –Number of others present Helping response 090% 160% 225%

15. Social Psychology Disposition vs. Situation (Darley & Batson) –Theological seminary students >Asked to think about a Good Samaritan speech or something else. >Told to go to another building to record the speech  “ It will be a few minutes before they are ready for you, but you might as well head over”  “They were expecting you a few minutes ago so you better hurry” >Along the way-pass man sitting in doorway slumped over, head down, coughing and groaning.  Unhurried - 66% stopped to help  Hurried - 10% stopped to help