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Introduction to Psychology Chapter 1 Talbot
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What is Psychology? The ________________ study of __________ & ____________processes. Science implies ___________. –Scientific observation Research method Behavior Mental Processes Mental Processes
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Psychology’s Goals Describe – name or classify Understand – Why? Predict – forecast behavior Control – alter conditions that influence behavior
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Kitty Genovese & Bystander Apathy (March 13 th, 1964) Winston Moseley
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History (as a field of study) Outgrowth of ____________. As a science started around 1879. Willhelm Wundt StructuralismFunctionalismBehaviorismGestaltPsychodynamic Humanistic – Hierarchy of Needs Cognitive
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Psychology as a Profession Psychologist v. Psychiatrist PsychologistPsychiatrist Counselor & Social Worker BEWARE of the “clinician”.
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Professional issues APA – American Psychological Association State and Federal Licensing Boards Ethics/ Ethical guidelines –Levels of training and competency –Respect for dignity, privacy, confidentiality (HIPAA). –Protection from harm.
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Scientific Method Observation Define the problem (Operationally define) –Reliability –Validity Validity Propose a hypothesis (?) Gather evidence Publish results Theory build
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How do we gather the data? Survey Case study/ Clinical method Naturalistic Observation –Hawthorne effect, Observer Bias, Correlational Observation –Three possibilities –Correlational Coefficients Experimental method – Cause and Effect –Independent Variable Dependent Variable –Experimenter effect –Control –Placebo effect –Random Sampling
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Ethics in research Do no harm Describe risks Ensure participation is voluntary Minimize discomfort Maintain confidentiality Use deception only when necessary Debrief Provide results Treat with dignity and respect
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