2. Cities and Empires Chapter 1, Section 2

3. Chapter 1 The First Americans Section 1 – Early Peoples Section 2 – Cities and Empires Section 3 – North American Peoples Chapter Review Chapter 1 Test

5. Main Idea Several factors led to the rise and decline of great civilizations in the Americas.

6. 1-2 Workbook

8. The Maya thrived from A.D. 300-900 Southern Mexico & Central America Tikal was largest city (present-day Guatemala) Mayan priests controlled everything (theocracy) skilled in astronomy & mathematics (example – 365-day calendar) first written language in the Americas (hieroglyphics) why civilization declined in A.D. 900 is a mystery

12. The Aztec 1325-1519 Central Mexico island in Lake Texcoco chosen because of religious sign (eagle perched on cactus with snake in beak) society organized around religion (human sacrifices) Tenochtitlan was once the largest city in Americas military empire kept growing by conquering others

18. The Inca 1400-1532 West coast of South America along the Andes Mountains (Peru) expert builders (Macchu Picchu) terraces throughout Andes Mountains for farming medically advanced (brain surgery) largest empire in the Americas (land and population)

20. Which Civilization? They developed an early 365-day calendar to plan religious activities and farming. MAYA

21. Which Civilization? They grew enough crops to feed its ten million citizens by carving terraces into the mountainous terrain of the Andes, and growing corn, potatoes and more. iNCA

22. Which Civilization? They built the amazing city of Tenochtitlan – complete with stone pyramid structures, drawbridges and floating gardens. AZTEC

23. Which Civilization? Which civilization controlled the most land area? iNCA

24. Which Civilization? They had the first written language in the Americas, with over 500 glyphs to represent different ideas. MAYA

25. Which Civilization? No written language, but they had a record- keeping system of knotted strings called quipus. iNCA

26. Which Civilization? When their powerful military conquered other Native American groups, they often sacrificed captured enemies to the Gods. AZTEC

27. Which Civilization? Which is the westernmost civilization shown on the map? AZTEC

28. Which Civilization? They were advanced medically, even successfully practicing brain surgery centuries ago. iNCA

29. Which Civilization? Since the dry soil was not good for farming, they planted “floating crops” on reed mats. The crops rooted themselves in the shallow lake bed. AZTEC

30. Which Civilization? Their civilization declined around 900AD. Archaeologists are still trying to solve the mystery of the end of this great civilization. mAYA

31. Which Civilization? In the Disney movie based on this civilization, the main character is named Cuzco, after the capital city. iNCA

32. Which Civilization? Which civilization is shown in red? MAYA

33. Which Civilization? To connect their huge empire, runners carried messages over 10,000 miles of stone paved roads. INCA