1. Chapter 10. Europe in the Middle Ages (The High Middle Ages)

2. CHAPTER 10 – Learning Objectives
I can:
10.1
1. Describe advances if farming, industry, the manorial system and the rise of cities.
10.2
Explain how the church influenced the life of women in the Middle Ages
Describe the reforms made by the Church that affected the development of medieval civilization.
10.3
Explain the significance of the invention of the flying buttress in architecture.
Explain how Thomas Aquinas’ Summa Theologica reflected a changing view of the university in medieval Europe.
10.4
Identify the economic consequences of the Black Death.
Explain why the Hundred Years’ War was a turning point in the ways of warfare.

3. Section 1. Peasants, Trade and Cities

4. Agricultural Revolution

5. After AD 1000 Climate improved

6. Horses replace oxen
New horsecollar, shoes
Faster than oxen

7. Heavier Plow 24

8. Shift from two to three field system (about 800)

9. More land cleared and drained

10. Result: more land cultivated, more food, better diet
Population explosion!

11. Manors 25

12. Typical Medieval Manor 19

13. 1. Basic economic unit of the Middle Ages
2. Everything owned by the lord (mills, ovens, churches etc.)

14. 3. Self-contained community16
3. Self-contained community

15. 4. Serfs (60% of Europe by 800) and Peasants paid for use of land with service and percentage of crops

16. Peasant Life

18. June 43

19. Fall 43

20. Winter 43

21. At least 50 Religious holidays

22. Fool’s Day 43

23. Execution Day 43

24. Massacre of the Innocents 43

25. Diet usually adequate
Lots of bread
Little Meat
LOTS of beer and wine (monks got 3 gallons of ale per day)

26. Peasant Dance 2

27. Trade and Finance Expanded

28. People went to towns to trade

29. Fairs broke down independence
Great Fairs in Cathedral towns
Local Fairs in small towns

30. Manors were no longer self-reliant

31. Montagnana, Italy 45
Towns Grew

32. 1. Increased population
2. Serfs fled manors
3. Fair and Pilgrim centers

33. 4. Usually walled for defense
Carcassonne, France
4. Usually walled for defense

34. Medieval Town, France 9

35. Rothenburg, Germany

40. Townhouse 9

41. Period of great innovation

42. Waterwheels and Windmills 24

43. Medieval Trade 28

44. The Hanseatic League

45. Powerful trading league of German cities controlled trade in Northern Europe

46. Hansa Houses in Germany 4

47. Italian city-states controlled trade in the Mediterranean

48. Venice
Florence

49. Venice

50. Guilds
Dyer’s Guild 4

51. 1. Regulated price, wage and quality of an occupation

52. 2. Apprentice system 5-9 yrs. Apprentice--paid to do the dirty work
Journeyman-worked for wages

53. Master could establish his own business
Masterpiece=Sample of best work

54. Financial revolution 1. Business required money, loans
2. Usury (loaning for a profit) forbidden by Church

55. 3. Only Jews could be bankers (later, changed)

56. Urban life reborn

57. Unregulated growth of towns=filth and lack of services

58. Medieval Sanitation 9

59. Towns bring a new social order
1. Serfs could be free if they lived in a town for 1 year

60. 2. Town Charter: burghers, bourgeoisie (townspeople) bought freedom from lords for $

61. 3. Townspeople formed a new class: The Middle Class

62. Digression: Crime and Punishment in the Middle Ages

63. Roman Law Evidence, burden of proof, face one’s accuser,
Same law for all
Torture to obtain a confession

64. Germanic Tradition
No Torture.
Instead…

65. Trial by Ordeal
Hot water, cold water
Hot irons, hot coals
Champions

66. Torture chamber at Rothenburg

67. Punishment Stocks, Masks Flogging, bastinado Branding Amputation
Hanging, Beheading

68. Mask worn by a “nag” 44

69. The Baker’s Chair

70. The Inquisition reintroduced torture

71. Showing the instruments
Thumb screws
The Horse, The Hot Seat
Stretching on the rack, hanging by the arms

72. Judas Cradle

73. The Rack

74. The Iron Maiden

75. Capital Punishment

76. Beheading
The Cage
Drawing and Quartering

77. The Wheel

78. Breaking on the Wheel

79. Intermission