2. Energy Basics

3. Energy The ability to do work or cause change The ability to do work or cause change Either potential or kinetic Either potential or kinetic

4. Potential Energy Energy that is stored. The snow on the mountain top represents potential energy. Energy that is stored. The snow on the mountain top represents potential energy.

5. Potential Energy Potential energy is highest when the object is at a higher point, like this roller coaster on the top of a hill. The higher the hill the greater the potential energy. Potential energy is highest when the object is at a higher point, like this roller coaster on the top of a hill. The higher the hill the greater the potential energy.

6. What is Mechanical Energy? o o Energy due to a object ’ s motion (kinetic) or position (potential). The bowling ball has mechanical energy. When the ball strikes the pins, mechanical energy is transferred to the pins!

7. Potential Energy The more mass something has the greater its potential energy. In the picture below the man holding the weight above his head is holding a lot of potential energy. The more mass something has the greater its potential energy. In the picture below the man holding the weight above his head is holding a lot of potential energy.

8. Kinetic Energy The energy of motion The energy of motion

9. Kinetic Energy The faster the motion the greater the kinetic energy. When the roller coaster starts down the hill it has kinetic energy. The point where the car is going the fastest is where the kinetic energy is the greatest. The faster the motion the greater the kinetic energy. When the roller coaster starts down the hill it has kinetic energy. The point where the car is going the fastest is where the kinetic energy is the greatest.

10. Forms of Energy Energy can be found in many forms Energy can be found in many forms Can be converted from one form or another Can be converted from one form or another Conversion can be both man made and a natural process Conversion can be both man made and a natural process Forms include chemical, thermal, elastic, radiant, mechanical and nuclear. Forms include chemical, thermal, elastic, radiant, mechanical and nuclear.

11. What is Electromagnetic Energy? o o Light energy o o Includes energy from gamma rays, xrays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwave and radio bands

12. QUIZ TIME! What energy transformation occurs when an electric lamp is turned on? ELECTRICAL ENERGY  ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY

13. QUIZ TIME! What type of energy cooks food in a microwave oven? ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY What type of energy is the spinning plate inside of a microwave oven? MECHANICAL ENERGY

14. Chemical Energy Stored in chemical bonds holding the atoms of compounds together Stored in chemical bonds holding the atoms of compounds together Food, wood, batteries, fossil fuels Food, wood, batteries, fossil fuels

15. Chemical Energy When a chemical reaction takes place energy is used. When a chemical reaction takes place energy is used. If energy is pulled in from the surrounding area during a chemical reaction, the area gets cold and the reaction is endothermic. If energy is pulled in from the surrounding area during a chemical reaction, the area gets cold and the reaction is endothermic. Commercial ice packs for injuries work this way. Commercial ice packs for injuries work this way.

16. Chemical Energy Plants can make their own energy through a process called photosynthesis. They are the bases for a food chain. All other living things that cannot carry on photosynthesis depend on plants for their energy.

17. Energy Transformation In photosynthesis radiant or light energy from the sun is changed to chemical energy in the leaf. In photosynthesis radiant or light energy from the sun is changed to chemical energy in the leaf.

18. Chemical Energy Other living things can get energy from eating plants or eating things that eat plants. Other living things can get energy from eating plants or eating things that eat plants.

19. Chemical Energy The energy we eat is stored as potential chemical energy until we need it. When we use the energy through an activity then it becomes kinetic mechanical energy. The energy we eat is stored as potential chemical energy until we need it. When we use the energy through an activity then it becomes kinetic mechanical energy.

20. What type of energy is shown below? Chemical Energy

21. What type of energy is shown below? Chemical Energy (yummy)

22. Electrical Energy Energy of moving electrons Energy of moving electrons Invisible but most useful Invisible but most useful form form

23. Energy Transformation Electrical energy can come from many different sources. The sources can be solar, nuclear, mechanical or generally chemical. In Texas most of the electricity comes from the burning of coal. The energy transformation that takes place would be: Electrical energy can come from many different sources. The sources can be solar, nuclear, mechanical or generally chemical. In Texas most of the electricity comes from the burning of coal. The energy transformation that takes place would be: Coal (chemical)->moving turbines (mechanical)- >moving electrons (electrical)-> our homes Coal (chemical)->moving turbines (mechanical)- >moving electrons (electrical)-> our homes

24. Mechanical Energy Most familiar-involved with moving objects; atoms are moving and pushing each other Most familiar-involved with moving objects; atoms are moving and pushing each other Sound is an example-occurs when atoms in a media vibrate in a direction outward from the sound source. Sometimes, sound is classified as its own energy source. Sound is an example-occurs when atoms in a media vibrate in a direction outward from the sound source. Sometimes, sound is classified as its own energy source.

25. Mechanical Energy When we move or work we are using mechanical energy. When we move or work we are using mechanical energy.

26. Examples of Mechanical Energy

27. What types of energy are shown below? Mechanical and Thermal Energy (Don ’ t forget friction)

28. Energy Transformations Automobiles use chemical energy (fossil fuels) which is converted to mechanical energy when they move. Automobiles use chemical energy (fossil fuels) which is converted to mechanical energy when they move.

29. Radiant or Light Energy Produced when atoms absorb energy from an outside source and release energy as electromagnetic radiation Produced when atoms absorb energy from an outside source and release energy as electromagnetic radiation Most are invisible except for visible light Most are invisible except for visible light UV rays, X-rays, radio waves UV rays, X-rays, radio waves

30. Radiant or Light Energy Our ultimate energy source is radiant energy from the sun. Our ultimate energy source is radiant energy from the sun.

31. Radiant or Light Energy In a light stick you have chemical energy stored in the vial. When you bend the stick and break it then light energy is released. In a light stick you have chemical energy stored in the vial. When you bend the stick and break it then light energy is released.

32. Radiant or Light Energy We use light energy in our homes. We use light energy in our homes. Many people have switched to compact fluorescent light bulbs over other light bulbs (incandescent) because they do not put out as much heat (thermal energy). The compact florescent bulbs are more energy efficient so they help in energy conservation. Many people have switched to compact fluorescent light bulbs over other light bulbs (incandescent) because they do not put out as much heat (thermal energy). The compact florescent bulbs are more energy efficient so they help in energy conservation.

33. Thermal Energy Volcanoes can be a natural source of thermal energy. When we use the heat of the earth it is called geothermal energy. Volcanoes can be a natural source of thermal energy. When we use the heat of the earth it is called geothermal energy.

34. What type of energy is shown below? Thermal Energy

35. Elastic Energy Energy stored in a solid object when it is either stretched or compressed. Energy stored in a solid object when it is either stretched or compressed. A stretched rubber band, compressed spring or jack-in-the-box A stretched rubber band, compressed spring or jack-in-the-box

36. QUIZ TIME! Electrical energy is transported to your house through power lines. When you plug an electric fan to a power outlet, electrical energy is transform into what type of energy? MECHANICAL ENERGY

37. What types of energy are shown below? Electrical, Mechanical and Electromagnetic Energy

38. Nuclear Energy Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms Energy stored in the nuclei of atoms Released by fission, the splitting of nuclei of heavy atoms Released by fission, the splitting of nuclei of heavy atoms Released by fusion-the combining of nuclei of light atoms Released by fusion-the combining of nuclei of light atoms

39. Nuclear Energy When the energy released from the splitting of an atom was discovered this made the equation make sense. There is an infinite amount of power in nuclear energy. This is what powers stars like our sun. Hydrogen is turned into helium. This process will continue until our sun runs out of hydrogen. This will be in about 4 billion years. When the energy released from the splitting of an atom was discovered this made the equation make sense. There is an infinite amount of power in nuclear energy. This is what powers stars like our sun. Hydrogen is turned into helium. This process will continue until our sun runs out of hydrogen. This will be in about 4 billion years.

40. Nuclear Energy We are trying to harvest the power of the atom when we use nuclear energy. We are trying to harvest the power of the atom when we use nuclear energy.

41. Transformation of energy According to this model, energy takes on different forms, for example chemical, heat, light, etc. Energy is transformed or changed from one form or type to another when a change occurs. Typical use of language:   ‘The chemical energy in the battery is transformed into electrical energy in the wires and then to light and heat energy in the bulb.’   ‘The light energy from the Sun is changed into chemical energy in the leaf.’   ‘Chemical energy in the reaction is changed into light and heat.’   ‘The chemical energy in the weightlifter’s muscles is changed into kinetic energy when the bar is being lifted and is changed into potential energy at the top of the lift.’

42. Energy transfer In this model the energy is located in one place, and when something happens energy is transferred from that place to another by a process. Typical use of language: ‘The energy in the battery is transferred to the bulb by electricity and then from the bulb to the surroundings by light. Some energy is transferred to the surroundings by heating.’ ‘Energy from the Sun is transferred to the leaf cells by light.’ ‘Energy is transferred from the reacting chemicals to the surroundings by heating and light.’ ‘A weightlifter transfers energy from his muscles to the bar by lifting (moving) his arms.’

43. Energy transformation Energy transfer Chemical Cell Electrical Electric current Bulb Light Heat Surroundings Light Heating

44. Draw a flow map showing the flow of energy transformations in a car from starting vehicle to driving. You should have 5 different types of energy.

45. Energy Transfer Chemical Electrical Sound (mechanical) Light (Electromagnetic) Thermal Mechanical