1. CMPT 371 Data Communications and Networking Fall 2015

2. 2 Outline  Course information r What is network? r A brief introduction to the Internet: past and present r Summary

3. 3 Course Information r Instructor: m Jiangchuan (JC) Liu m Professor, Computing Science m E-mail: jcliu@cs.sfu.ca Office: TASC9005 m Office Hours: Wed 10:00-11:00am - extra office hours will be available before Midterms and Final m E-mail is the best way to communicate with me m I normally reply within one day r TA r Yifei (Stephen) Zhu yza323@sfu.ca

4. 4 Course Information r Time & Venue o Wed 11:30-12:20 SSC9500 o Fri 10:30-12:20 SWH10041 r Webpage m www.cs.sfu.ca/~jcliu/cmpt371

5. 5 Course Information r Textbook m Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 6/e by Kurose and Ross r Reference books m Computer Networks, 5/e by Andrew Tanenbaum m Data and Computer communications, 7th edition, William Stallings m And more (see Web) r Resource m Home page www.cs.sfu.ca/~jcliu/cmpt371

6. 6 Course Information r Textbook m Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 6/e by Kurose and Ross r Why use this book ? m New content – this is a fast-changing area m But more important, new structure and target Top-down Featuring the Internet

7. 7 What Are the Goals Of This Course? r Understand how network (in particular, Internet) works m Its applications m Its design philosophy m Its protocols and mechanisms You know not only how to use a network, but know what’s behind it r Have fun! m Are you happy with no Internet access in your life ? m You probably can’t even make a phone call without the Internet !

8. 8 What Will We Cover? (Tentative schedule) r Introduction (3 lectures) m Internet architecture and design philosophy r Applications (4 lectures) m HTTP/WWW, Email, DNS r transport services (4 lectures) m reliability; congestion control; transport protocols: TCP/UDP r network services (5 lectures) m routing; network protocols: IP/IPv6 r link and physical layers (4 lectures) m multiple access; Ethernet, hubs and switches m Wireless LAN (802.11b,g,n), GSM/CDMA (3G)

9. 9 What Do You Need To Do? r Your prerequisites m algorithms: e.g. shortest path algorithms m basic programming: C/C++ or Java But our focus is not on network programming m basic concepts of operating systems r Your workload m reading for every lecture m homework assignments 3 written assignments 2 programming projects (group based) m two in class mid-term exam, and one final exam

10. 10 Grading (tentative) r Class participation r More important is what you learn than the grades Written Homework x33%+ 4%+ 3% Project x 25%+5% Mid-term exam x 220+20% Final exam40%

11. 11 Grading (tentative) r How to fail ? m If you don’t do any homework/project, then you’ll fail m If you don’t do some of the homework/project work, and your midterm/final is very poor, you may fail m Plagiarism m Otherwise, you’re pretty safe (unless your grades are exceptionally low) Written Homework x33%+ 4%+ 3% Project x 25%+5% Mid-term exam x 220+20% Final exam40%

12. Questions?

13. 13 Outline r Course information  What is network?  A brief introduction to the Internet: past and present r Summary

14. 14 Q: What is Network? r Telephone network r Dialup r Local area network (e.g., home network) r Internet r Mobile phone r … Nodes -- Interconnected

15. 15 Motivation: Communication r Need some common interface to communicate  network protocol r A->B: Hi r B->A: Hi r A->B: What time is it ? r B->A: 1:00pm r What if no protocol… r Woi kx ioa nio ? r #@!>? … r …

16. 16 An Example: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) r Scenario m Email client: Outlook, TheBat, NetscapeMail … m Email server: in Unix, Windows … r Messages from a client to a mail server m HELO m MAIL FROM: m RCPT TO: m DATA m QUIT r Messages from a mail server to a client m status code –1xx - Informative message –2xx - Command ok –3xx - Command ok so far, send the rest of it. –4xx - Command was correct, but couldn't be performed for some reason. –5xx - Command unimplemented, or incorrect, or a serious program error occurred. m mail body user mailbox outgoing message queue mail server user agent user agent user agent mail server user agent user agent mail server user agent SMTP POP3, IMAP SMTP

17. 17 Why Internet ? r The most successful network m Open m Heterogeneous Interconnects different networks m Simple network, complex end-terminals Computer based End-to-end argument r How about other networks? m Telephone m Mobile phone m Wireless LAN m Cable TV r IP convergence…

18. 18 Outline r Course information r What is network ?  A brief introduction to the Internet  past  present r Summary

19. 19 A Brief History of the Internet r 1957 m USSR launches Sputnik, US formed Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) as a response r 1968 m Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) was awarded Packet Switch contract to build Interface Message Processors (IMPs) for ARPANET

20. 20 r 1969 m ARPANET commissioned: 4 nodes, 50kbps A Brief History of the Internet

21. 21 Initial Expansion of the ARPANET Dec. 1969March 1971July 1970 Apr. 1972 Sep. 1972

22. 22 Multiple Networks r 1974: Initial design of TCP to connect multiple networks r 1986: NSF builds NSFNET as backbone, links 6 supercomputer centers, 56 kbps; this allows an explosion of connections, especially from universities r 1987: 10,000 hosts r 1989: 100,000 hosts WELCOME by Leonard Kleinrock …

23. 23 Web and Commercialization of the Internet r 1991: NSF lifts restrictions on the commercial use of the Net; World Wide Web released r 1992: 1 million hosts r Today: backbones run at 10Gbps, 100s millions computers in 150 countries m an estimated quarter of Earth's population uses the services of the Internet r Internet history and Timeline m http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/ http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/

24. 24

25. 25 Growth of the Internet in Terms of Number of Hosts (early time) Number of Hosts on the Internet: Aug. 1981 213 Oct. 1984 1,024 Dec. 1987 28,174 Oct. 1990 313,000 Jul. 1993 1,776,000 Jul. 1996 19,540,000 Jul. 2000 93,047,000 Jul. 2002 162,128,493

26. 26 The Internet was not known as "The Internet" until January 1984, at which time there were 1000 hosts that were all converted over to using TCP/IP. Chart by William F. Slater, III Sept. 1, 2002 Dot-Com Bust Begins Copyright 2002, William F. Slater, III, Chicago, IL, USA

28. 28 Backbone: National ISP Local/Regional ISP Local/Regional ISP Internet Physical Infrastructure r Residential Access m Modem m DSL m Cable modem r Access to ISP, Backbone transmission m T1/T3, OC-3, OC-12 m ATM, SONET, WDM r Internet Service Providers m Local/Regional/Natio nal m They exchange packets at Point of Presence (POP) r Campus network access m Ethernet m FDDI m Wireless

29. 29 Local Access: ADSL r Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) r Telephone company’s solution to “last mile problem”

30. 30 Local Access: Cable Modems r Fiber node: 500 - 1K homes r Distribution hub: 20K - 40 K homes r Regional headend: 200 K - 400 K homes

31. 31 AT&T Telus

32. 32 ATT Global Backbone IP Network From http://www.business.att.com

33. 33 Web and Commercialization of the Internet http://research.lumeta.com/ches/map/

34. 34 Internet Pioneers Vannevar Bush (APARNet) Claude Shannon (Information theory) Paul Baran (Packet switching) Leonard Kleinrock (Pakcet switching) Ted Nelson (Hypertext) Lawrence Roberts (APARNet) Vinton Cerf (TCP/IP) Robert Kahn (TCP/IP) Tim Berners-Lee (WWW) Mark Andreesen (Mosaic/Netscape) Microsoft, Google, BitTorrent, YouTube …

35. 35 Killer applications - Email

36. 36 Killer applications - FTP

37. 37 Killer applications – WWW 1990-

38. 38 Killer applications- what’s next ?

39. 39 Killer applications – P2P 2000-

40. 40 Killer applications- what’s next ? r Web2.0/Media streaming (Internet TV) m YouTube, Pandora, Netflix, Hulu r E-commerce m Ebay, Amazon, Craigslist, Groupon r Online game m PS3, XBOX 360, Wii m App r…r… r Social networking (2004-) m Facebook, Twitter, Google +… m WhatsApp, Line

41. 41 Killer applications- what’s next ? r Cloud computing/Data center (2006-) m Microsoft, Google, Amazon … m Total cost of building a large data center: $100 to $200 million m Total cost of powering data center servers: about 0.6% of total electrical use within US 1.2% with additional costs of cooling and other usage 14% annual growth in electrical use m EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) report: power consumption is on track to double by 2011 to more than 100 billion kWh, for a total energy bill of $7.4 billion annually.

42. 42

43. 43 Killer applications- what’s next ? r Green Internet r Smart power grid

44. 44

45. 45 Killer applications- what’s next ? r Mobile Internet r iPhone/Android/Windows 8 r End of PC ? r Location based services, LBS r Pervasive/ubiquitous r Anywhere, any time, any person, any device r 1G/2G/3G/4G/5G …

46. 46 Killer applications- what’s next ? r Wireless sensor networking

47. 47 Killer applications- what’s next ? r Machine to Human r Machine to Machine (M2M)

48. 48 Killer applications- what’s next ? r Cyber Physical System (CPS)/Internet of Things ( 物联网 )

49. 49 Killer applications- what’s next ?

50. Crowdsourcing

51. Killer applications- what’s next ? Twitch TV (2011 -) start from Justin.tv thousands of live channels, particularly live gaming, from users of PCs, PS3/Xbox … 44+ million visitors per month, and 4 th largest source of US Internet traffic Twitch Plays Pokémon (Feb 2014) a crowdsourced attempt to play Pokémon Red system translating chat commands into game controls 6.5+ million total views (5 days) 70K+ online viewers, 10%+ participating

52. 52 Technologies/Applications change fast, but The fundamental design philosophy of data communication networks, in particular, the Internet, has no significant change, nor will change in the near future - dramatic change in the application/user level - slow change in the network access level - little change in the network core level (except for bandwidth increase) - difficulty in change ? - should not change ? - are we studying old stuff ? No. It’s the state-of-the-art and the (at least, near) future What’s the “real” old stuff ?

53. 53 Software Defined Networking?

54. 54 Summary r Course information r Network: nodes -> interconnected r Protocol: format and the order of messages exchanged, as well as the actions taken r Internet: The past: m started as ARPANET: late 1960s m initial link bandwidth: 50 kbps m number of hosts: 4 r Internet: Current: m number of hosts: grows at an exponential speed m backbone speed: 10 – 1000 Gbps

55. 55 Course Information r Textbook m Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 6/e by Kurose and Ross r Reference books m Computer Networks, 4/e by Andrew Tanenbaum m Data and Computer communications, 7th edition, William Stallings, Prentice Hall, 2003 m And more (see Web) r Resource m Home page www.cs.sfu.ca/~jcliu/cmpt371