1. Plant Structures Leaves, Roots and Stems
Objectives
Describe the structure and function of leaves
Describe the structure and function of roots
Describe the function of stems

2. Classifying Plants Plants belong to Kingdom _____________
Within this kingdom plants can be divided into two major groups ___________ and ____ __________.
Vascular plants can be further divided into two major groups: Plants with seeds and plants without seeds.
Spermatophytes (seeded plants) can be divided into two major groups: Naked seeds (pine cones) and enclosed seeds (apple seeds)

3. Angiosperms
Plants that produce enclosed seeds.

4. Let’s look at some of the basic plant structures more closely...
More divisions...
Within the Angiosperms, there are two plant classes, the Monocots and the Dicots. 
Let’s look at some of the basic plant structures more closely...

5. Leaves... All leaves are responsible for: Absorbing the sun's rays
The majority of photosynthetic production (which can take place in any green part of a plant)

6. Parts of the leaf
Blade:
Petiole:
Midrib and veins:

7. Photosynthesis Leaves are the major site for photosynthesis
Chlorophyll is found in organelles
called chloroplasts.

8. Photosynthesis is the process in which carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are used to produce  carbohydrates and oxygen (O2) in the presence of light and chlorophyll.

9. Stomata
Photosynthesis requires a constant supply of carbon dioxide.

10. Guard Cells Stomata also regulates water loss.
When stomata are open water is lost (transpiration) and plant can exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide.
Guard cells

11. Epidermal Cells
Tightly packed in a single layer covered by a waxy coating called the cuticle.
Cuticle:

12. Mesophyll Located in the mid region of the leaf.
Primary site of photosynthesis in the leaf.
There are two types:
Palisade mesophyll (note how the cells are shaped):
pongy mesophyll (note the irregularly shaped and spaced cells):

13. Roots Roots are responsible for: .
In a typical root we can distinguish the following parts:
Primary root –
2. Secondary roots –
3. Root cap – a protective cap covering the growing region of the root tip.
4. Root hairs –

14. Vascular System in Roots
Located at the centre of each root.
Vascular cylinder called a stele contains xylem and phloem.

15. Stems Stems are responsible for:
supporting leaves and flowers physically
using xylem and phloem to transport water and nutrients to and from leaves, roots, and reproductive parts like flowers, fruit and seeds.

16. Stem Structure Herbaceous plants: Stems don’t contain wood
Vascular bundles (arrangements of vascular tissue) consists of xylem and phloem
Woody plants: Stems contain wood
Vascular cambium:

17. Major Tissues in Stems
Woody Stems (note: pith and cortex contain parenchyma tissue)

19. More Stem Structures Bark: Protective outer layer.
Cork cambium: Layer between layers of bark