1. 1 ARTIFACTS: AN UNWANTED DENSITY ON THE FILM http://www.xray2000.co.uk/

2. 2 Artifacts - Types Processing Artifacts Processing Artifacts Exposure Artifacts Exposure Artifacts Handling & Storage Artifacts Handling & Storage Artifacts

3. 3 Processing Artifacts Emulsion pickoff Emulsion pickoff Chemical fog Chemical fog Guide-shoe marks Guide-shoe marks Water marks Water marks Chemical spots Chemical spots Guide-shoe & roller scratches Guide-shoe & roller scratches

4. 4 Developer Spots

5. 5 Water spot

6. 6 Discolored film due to hypo (fixer) retention. Chemicals not washed off – over time will turn film brown

7. 7 Scratch marks from rollers in automatic processor.

8. 8 Exposure Artifacts Motion Motion Improper patient position Improper patient position Wrong screen-film match Wrong screen-film match Poor film/screen contact Poor film/screen contact Double exposure Double exposure Warped cassette Warped cassette Improper grid position Improper grid position

9. 9 Artifact

10. 10

11. 11 Blurred image due to patient motion

12. 12 PATIENT ARTIFACT - JEWERLY

13. 13 Handling & Storage Artifacts Light fog Light fog Radiation fog Radiation fog Static Static Kink marks Kink marks Scratches Scratches Dirty cassettes Dirty cassettes

14. 14 Crimping /cresent mark

15. 15 Double Exposure 2 exposures made on top of each other – from poor handling of cassettes

16. 16

17. 17 Static electricity

18. 18 Dirt on screen mimicking a foreign object.

19. 19 Scratch marks from improper handling.

20. 20 Light fog

21. 21 Kink mark or nail pressure mark

22. 22 cast

23. 23 POOR SCREEN CONTACT

24. 24 Patient motion

25. 25 motion

26. 26 Double exposure Child

27. 27 Poor screen contact

28. 28 Double exposure

29. 29 ?

30. 30 ?

31. 31

32. 32 Pt clothing

33. 33 Hip replacement

34. 34 2 chest tubes in the patient

35. 35 Patient swallowed batteries What size are they?

36. 36

37. 37 PATHOLOGY NOT ARTIFACT

38. 38 Name & cause of this?

39. 39 scratches

40. 40 Digital image Mis- Registration error

41. 41 Roller marks from film stuck – then pulled from processor

42. 42 Hardware In cervical spine

43. 43 Dust in imaging plate can cause white marks on image Dust in imaging plate can cause white marks on image Both in film/screen and computed radiography Both in film/screen and computed radiography

44. 44 E E G MONITOR

45. 45 What do you See? 2 exposures

46. 46

47. 47

48. 48 Evaluating Images What do you think?

49. 49 See anything wrong with this image?

50. 50 Contrast? What influences this? (kVp in f/s)

51. 51 Collimation – reducing the size of beam helps to improve the image, and reduce the dose to the patient

52. 52 ?