1. Anomalies of low multipoles of WMAP
and Planck missions: what are they ?
Oleg Verkhodanov
Special astrophysical observatory
of Russian Academy of Sciences

2. Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP, NASA)
5 frequencies:
23, 33, 41, 61, 94 GHz
Best determination of
cosmological parameters in 2011 !

3. Planck mission, ESA Low Frequency Instrument: 30,44,70
HFI: 100, 143, 217, 353, 545, 857 GHz 1) 2)
Zeldovich-Sunyaev effect
3) Gravitational waves in the B-mode of polarization ?

4. Observations

5. Data analysis of CMB Registration: time odered data: T(t)=T(l,b)
Pixelization: map-making and restoration data in pixels
Component separation
Multipole analysis
Pixel statistics of the CMB map
Angular power spectrum analysis and determination of cosmological parameters

6. Component separation

7. WMAP observational bands

8. Component separation:
Signal = (CMB + Synchrotron+dust+FreeFree+radiosouces)*Beam + Noise

9. Two basic properties of CMB:
1) Black body emission — same temperature at all wavelengthes;
2) Correlation of CMB and foregrounds should be close to zero: because CMB is a random gaussian process

10. The maps WMAP 9, Lmax=150 (Hinshaw et al., 2012)
Planck collaboration, 2013
Planck, Lmax=150
Lmax = 150

11. Masks

12. Angular power spectrum of CMB

13. The spectra
WMAP 9,
2012
Planck
2013

14. Let us go to data

15. Legacy Planck Archive (LPA)
1) 4 CMB maps
2) maps at observational bands
(30, 44, 70, 100, 143, 217, 353,545, 857 GHz)
3) CO emission maps
4) Maps of dust
5) Maps of galactic low frequency emission
(synchrotron + free-free)
6) Zodiac light maps
7) Maps of gravitational lensing
8) y-comptonization maps
9) Masks

16. Planck maps Observational frequency maps 30GHz 44GHz 70GHz 100GHz

17. Planck maps: component separation

18. Legacy Planck Archive (LPA)

19. Maps WMAP9 of Planck mission

20. Power spectrum

21. Cosmological results: WMAP9 and Planck data
No revolution...

22. CMB for neutrino parameters1) 2) 3) 4)

23. «Bad» spots...

24. WMAP CMB anomalies 1) Cold Spot 2) Axis of Evil
3) Primirdial non-gaussinity (low limit by Planck data)
4) Violation of the power spectrum parity
5) Asymmetry 'North — South' in galactic coordinate system
6) New anomaly: too low amplitude of low harmonics

25. Let us look at some anomalies...

26. Cold Spot (Rudnick et al., 2007) CMB NVSS Radio sources Cold Spot
< -5sigma
(Rudnick et al., 2007)
Part of octupole
1) Huge Sachs-Wolfe effect (Rudnick et al, 2007)
2) Anistropic expansion (Jaffe et al., 2005)
3) Topological defect [texture] (Cruz et al., 2007,2008, Planck 2013 ?)
4) Artifact ?
5) Galactic phenomena (M.Hansen et al., 2012)

27. Axis of Evil

28. Problems of WMAP quadrupole
Axis of Evil: planarity + alignment
(Land & Magueijo, 2005)
Amplitude

29. What is the reason ?
1) Component separation
(Doroshkevich, Verkhodanov, 2010)
2) Kouper Belt
(Hansen et al. 2011)
3) Moving in Local Group of galaxies?
(Tegmark et al., 2004)
4) Something else...
5) It is absent...

30. Axis of Evil (Planck data)
Copi et al., arXiv: : direction of our motion exists

31. Primordial non-gaussianity ?

32. Primordial non-gaussianity ?
1) Obtained with bispectrum
2) Low multimoples anomalies exist

33. Low multipoles in Planck

34. Low multipoles in WMAP
L=2
L=3
L=4
L=6
L=7
L=5
L=8
L=9
L=10

35. Asimmetry North-South
Planck CMB
CMB and Bianchi 7h anisotropy model ?

36. Violation of power spectrum parity

37. Power spectrum and separate multipoles

38. Maps, L<=100
SMICA
NILC
SEVEM
WMAP9

39. Power spectrum C(l), l<=50
Planck, WMAP

40. L=5 -
WMAP
Planck, SMICA =

41. L=7 -
WMAP
Planck, SMICA =

42. L=11 -
WMAP
Planck, SMICA =

43. L=70
Planck, SMICA
NILC
WMAP
SEVEM

44. with Suynaev-Zeldovich effect ?
Cosmology
with Suynaev-Zeldovich effect ?
Problem with cluster parameters ?
Planck: optic and mm/submm centers differ from X-ray.

45. Missed sources in the Planck data:
radio sources at sigma level < 3 sigma
Awaited source of the secondary anistropy:
>20000 radio galaxies ?
, z=4.514
RG in cluster ?

46. SZ-effect

47. 30 44 70
CMB
100
143
217
353
545

48. Observational channel of 217 GHz: what is unusual ?

49. Data of 217 GHz: what is unusual ?
1) Very close to CMB map outside the Galactic plane,
but let us remember WMAP bands:

50. Data of 217 GHz: what is unusual ?
1) Close to the CMB map
2) Calibration problem ?
(Spergel et al., arXiv: )
If remove the 217 GHz channel, then it can be obtained accurate restoration of the WMAP cosmology

51. Stephen Hawking «stamp» :)
WMAP
Planck,SMICA

52. Summary What have we wait for ? and what to do ?
1) WMAP and Planck data have practically the same low multipole anomalies
2) The difference of power spectra looks like one due to systematic effects of maps prepartion
3) We are waiting for a new release in June 2014:
Maps of temperature anisotropy and polarization
4) Data are comparatively good (in resolution and sensetivity) when we take into account strangeness

54. Корреляция: (Chаnnel — CMB) * CMB

55. Карты
(и их характеристика)

56. Карты
SMICA
NILC
SEVEM

57. Фазы

58. Фазы
SMICA
NILC
SEVEM

59. Фазы, L<=4096
SMICA
SEVEM

60. Фазы, L<=256
SMICA
SEVEM

61. Чтобы не забыть...
WMAP:
2 карты
Тегмарка
(Chiang et al. 2003)

62. Космологические результаты WMAP9 и Planck
Революции нет ... Так это прекрасно !

63. Приложения

64. Приложение 1.
Мультипольное разложение

65. Multipole expansion
L = 2 (quadrupole)
L =3 (octupole)
L = 5
L = 4

66. Квадруполь = +
L=2
(2,0) + +
(2,1)
(2,2)

67. Октуполь = +
L=3
(3,0) + +
(3,1)
(3,2)
(3,3)

68. Приложение 2: негауссовость
Для простейшей инфляционной модели
Возмущения плотности -> возмущения CMB:
Первичная негауссовость