1. Influence from ingredients Influence from ingredients W/C W/C Quantity of paste Quantity of paste Sp Sp Aggregates Aggregates Admixture Admixture Influence from environment Time Time Temperature Temperature Test condition Test condition Main influencing factors of Workability

2. 2.Quantity of paste (quantity of mixing water,ratio of paste to aggregate) － When W/C is fixed  Quantity of paste is crucial in obtaining Workability and volume stability Influence of quantity of paste Main influencing factors of Workability

3. Excessive paste More paste Great mobility Excessive mobility Low viscidity Poor strength and durability Poor strength and durability

4. Proper quantity of paste can meet the requirements of mobility, viscidity and capacity of water retention.Proper quantity of paste can meet the requirements of mobility, viscidity and capacity of water retention. It should be determined by the requirements of construction.It should be determined by the requirements of construction.

5. How to adjust mobility Function of waterFunction of water  Water is essential to hydrate Portland cement and provides Workability to concrete mixtures.  The mixture with too much water is detrimental to concrete quality.

6. Don’t add water separatelyDon’t add water separately –When the mobility of composite is to be adjusted, adding water separately will cause segregation and deteriorate the strength and durability of concrete. Harmfulness of adding too much waterHarmfulness of adding too much water –More water than required to hydrate Portland cement dilutes the paste, separates the calcium silicate gel crystals, and weakens the gel structure. Uncombined water leaves capillary voids in the paste, which are involved in most freezing and thawing mechanisms.

7. The proper method is to alter the quantity of cement paste to improve the mobility with the stability of W/C. How to adjust mobility Proper method