1. The welfare aspects of breeding cats Patrick Bateson University of Cambridge

2. Why care about the welfare of cats? Attachment Rights Suffering

4. Preferences as guides to state Physiological state - comparable to suffering human Risk averse and inability to cope Loss of playfulness Approaches to Welfare Poor condition and signs of pain

5. Reduction of lymphocytes

6. Telomere length

7. 0 5050 100 150 200 250 051015202530 Distance hunted (kilometres) nmol per litre Cortisol

8. Rats’choices Normal Sugar solution Aspirin solution Arthritic joints Colpaert, F.C. et al. (1980) Life Sci. 27, 921-928

9. Lid-flipping task Petri dish Card lid Mealworm Bateson, M. & Matheson, S.M. (2007) Anim. Welfare, 16 (S), 33-36

10. Train Unpalatable mealworm Palatable mealworm Positive shade (0% grey) Negative shade (80% grey) Flip lid No response Flip lid No response Nothing Test Present intermediate shades: 20% grey 40% grey 60% grey Record whether bird flips lid.

11. From Rice, D. (1997) The Complete Book of Cat Breeding. Barron’s

12. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel with suspected syringomyelia Same spaniel after receiving an analgesic From: Bateson, P. (2010) Independent Inquiry into Dog Breeding

13. Cat pain face

14. Held, SDE & Spinka (2011) Animal Behaviour, 81, 891-899

15. Every technique yields results that can be interpreted in more than one way. A Universal Truth! However, the subset of interpretations for results obtained with one technique may differ from the subset obtained with another technique.

16. Triangulation

17. Suffering Physiology Ethology Psychology

18. Breeding and socialising cats

19. Of those kept as pets in the UK, 8 per cent are pedigree cats. (75 per cent of dogs are pedigree) Breeding optimally Breeding for temperament Socialising

21. Consequences of inbreeding Inbred animals are: Less likely to survive than outbred animals Less likely to reproduce Less fertile and have lower birth rates More likely to have disrupted development More likely to express genetic disorders More likely to have reduced immune system function

22. Sibling with sibling 0.5 Grandfather with granddaughter 0.25 Cousin with cousin 0.125 Coefficient of relatedness These calculations assume a population of infinite size and previous mating has been at random. Most cats are much more inbred than their pedigrees suggest

23. Old Modern

24. SphynxScottish Fold

25. Breeding for temperament Turner, D.S. et al. (1986) Animal Behaviour, 34, 1890-1892

29. AnalysisRecognitionExecution Behavioural Aspects of Attachment Sensory Input Behavioural Aspects of Attachment Sensory Input Competitive Exclusion

30. Epigenetics and behaviour

31. Phenotypes Genotype Environments Bateson, P. & Gluckman, P (2011) Plasticity, Robustness Development & Evolution. Cambridge.

32. Fetus is sensitive to maternal condition

33. Bateson. Mendl & Feaver (1990) Animal Behaviour, 40, 514-525 Mother Weight (Gm) Energy Intake (MJ)

35. A unique feature of domestic cat behaviour

36. From: Charles Darwin (1872) Expression of the Emotions “Cat in an affectionate frame of mind”

38. The cat goddess Bastet

39. The tomb fresco of the sun god Ra cutting off the head of a serpent (from about 1300 BC)

40. The Ancient Egyptian priests bred cats in enormous numbers for worshippers at the temples. In the large cat farms o the day, rapid selection for signalling friendly intent with the tail up may have occurred.

41. The Domestic Cat THIRD EDITION The biology of its behaviour Edited by Dennis C Turner & Patrick Bateson Cambridge 1988 2000 2013