1. The Rare Pride Campaign on Conservation of the Manchurian Tigers in Hunchun, P.R.China BRAVO: Barrier Removal Assessment and Viability Overview Part 3 ： Utilizing Border Forces to Conduct Patrols Lang Jianmin March 2, 2009

2. BRAVO Scores BRAVO: Executive Summary What: To eliminate poaching threats to the endangered Manchurian Tiger,the Administration of Hunchun National Reserve for the Manchurian Tiger will collaborate with Chinese border forces to crack down on poachers on border areas. The measures to achieve this objective are: 1.form a partnership with the border forces and disseminate information on wild animal protection to the forces through entertainment education approaches; 2. offer training workshops on technical issues that may arise during the course of patrols and monitoring; 3. recognize soldiers that contribute to wild animal protection. Lead Agencies: The two key lead agencies of the project are the Administration for Hunchun Manchurian Tiger Reserve and the local border forces. When: Patrols by the border forces will be initiated in March, 2009, and will be continued for a long time. How: Starting March, 2009, the border forces will, by means of border patrols and checkpoints, keep a close eye on those people going into the mountains, rid the border area of poaching traps and arrest poachers. Resource （ manpower,funding ）： 1.Manpower ： border force soldiers; 2.Funding: the border forces will provide fees and vehicles to soldiers on patrol;3. the Reserve Administration and WSC will provide technical support. Feasibility Score: 3.6 Impact Score: 3.9

3. Criteria ExplanationScore Cost Preliminary projected costs Cost for utilizing the border forces: 18,000 RMB (BR Fund) Of the cost: training materials: 3,000 RMB (BR Fund) cost for establishing partnership: 15,000 RMB. 1) Selecting and recognizing model soldiers who make contributions to the project. The cost incurred will be covered by WCS’s other publicity projects, and not deemed part of the project budget. 2) Please refer to the Excel file for the budget breakdowns.  The anticipated aggregate cost is $2,600 ;  Of the aggregate cost, $400 is the Core Fund, $2,200 is the Barrier Removal Fund 3 Predictability of cost burden 1 = Costs are ambiguous and unpredictable; 4 = Costs are predictable and manageable The above budget is created in accordance with the field investigations, and work experience of the Reserve Administration and WCS. The budget is composed of three hierarchical levels, which clearly define the budget timeline. Those undefined budgetary items will have been clarified by the time the project activities initiate. 4 Average Score 3.5 BRAVO for Hunchun Rare Pride Campaign for Protecting the Manchurian Tiger, P.R.China Economics (Page 1)

4. CriteriaExplanation Score Revenues Description of revenue streams Fundraising total: $2,600, of which $2,200 is the BR Fund. Source Plan to apply for WWF grants. Earned income total: WSC will provide 3,000 RMB as the Core Fund; The rest of the fund will be obtained by applying for WWF grants. 2 Percentage of total cost available 1: 0 – 25% 2: 25 – 50% 3: 50 – 75% 4: 75 – 100% The project core fund is $400, making up 17% of the total budget. This amount has been committed by WCS; The cost incurred will be covered by WCS’s other publicity projects, and not deemed part of the project budget. We will apply for WWF grants once the details regarding the BR fund are available. 1 Likelihood of fundraising success 1 = Very low likelihood of raising the necessary funds; 4 = Likelihood of raising necessary funds almost a certainty WWF has expressed interest in offering grants, but further consultations with the organization are needed. 2.5 Fundraising timing Funds from WCS can be utilized immediately. 2.5 Funding Alignment 1 = Funding timeline is not aligned with project timeline; 4 = Funding timeline is well-aligned with project timeline The fund from WCS is $400, making up 17% of the total budget. The fund is now in place and can be utilized anytime. If the follow-up fund is obtained successfully, we will proceed with the project work in line with the project timeline. 4 Sustainable Funding 1 = Unsustainable funding source; 4 = Very sustainable funding source The WCS’s Manchurian Tiger Project has set up its office in Hunchun, and forged a strategic partnership with the Hunchun Reserve. The Manchurian Tiger Conservation Project is a key strategy of both WCS and WWF. Upon completion of the Rare Pride Campaign, WCS will continue to raise funds to support joint patrols by the Reserve Administration and the border forces. 3 Average Score 2.5 Profit/ (Loss) Difference between Revenues and Costs N/A BRAVO of Hunchun Rare Pride Campaign for Protecting the Manchurian Tiger,P.R.China Economics (Page 2)

5. Criteria Explanation Score Technology Attainability & Availability 1 = Technology and/or required assistance needed is unavailable; 4 = Technology is attainable and third-party assistance, if required, is available Utilize the border forces to disseminate information concerning related laws and wild animal monitoring technologies. Currently, the border forces are very clear about punishments regarding poaching. As long as we strengthen our training on monitoring technologies, the forces will be capable to accomplish this task. 4 Technology assistance 1 = Technology assistance is required, yet not available; 4 = Technology assistance is significant and available The Reserve Administration staff will be responsible for all training workshops for the campaign. When necessary, WCS can, through its networks, mobilize more people to help carry out the workshops. 4 Appropriate for circumstances 1 = Available technology is not appropriate for circumstances; 4 = Acquirable technology is suited for circumstances The project design does not involve ‘hi-tech’ inputs. Most of the border force soldiers have an education level of high sc school or above. They possess abilities to grasp basic technologies. After many years of practice, utilizing the border forces to conduct patrols and monitoring is appropriate to local circumstances. The necessary training offered by the Reserve Administration to the forces is very simple and basic. 4 Average Score 4 BRAVO for Hunchun Rare Pride Campaign for Protecting the Manchurian Tiger, P.R.China Technical(Page 1)

6. Criteria Explanation Score Capacity / Organizational Ability Barrier Removal Partner support 1 = BR Partner does not exist or is not willing to support the project; 4 = There exists a willing Barrier Removal Partner BR partners is WCS, which is very supportive of the project. The organization has appointed senior-level managers to direct activities of the project. 4 Barrier Removal Partner’s ability to drive change 1 = BR Partner lacks a track record of driving behavior; 4 = BR partner has a proven track record of driving behavior WCS is an organization composed of experts, it has rich experience and compelling capabilities to undertake the Campaign activities. 4 Budget planning and cost efficient execution 1 = BR Partner has not demonstrated sufficient budget planning skills and cost efficient execution of plans; 4 = BR Partner has proven proficiency in budget planning and cost efficient execution of past plans WCS has acknowledged capabilities in successful budget management and project implementation. 4 Average Score 4 Other Partners Other critical partners 1 = Other partners do not exist or will not be impactful 4 = Other partners are available and capable of assistance The border forces have expressed willingness to support all project activities. Since the Reserve Administration recognized the commander of the local border forces as the “Border Ecological Guardian” In 2008, the forces has been more concerned about the work by the Reserve Administration. 4 Average Score 4 BRAVO of Hunchun Rare Pride Campaign for Protecting the Manchurian Tiger, P.R.China Technical(Page 2)

7. Criteria ExplanationScore Community Leadership Leaders and influencers in the community 1 = Dearth of strong leaders and influencers in the community; 4 = Visible leaders with clout to drive behavior Patrols by the forces do not involve community leaders. Through our communication with the project area villagers, most of the villagers are supportive of the regular patrols by the forces to curb the poaching activities. Leadership willingness to endorse 1 = Unwilling to get on board with project; 4 = Firm commitment from leadership to help drive change efforts Average Score BRAVO of Hunchun Rare Pride Campaign for Protecting the Manchurian Tiger, P.R.China Cultural/Political(Page 1)

8. Criteria Explanation Score Political Environment Current legislative and legal landscape 1 = Legislative and legal restrictions will hamper efforts; 4 = Legislative and legal framework will aid program The project is not at odds with the current lawsor legal framework, which are in effect conducive to our project. In 2007,the Jilin Provincial Government issued “The Methods on Physical and Property Damages Caused by Terrestrial Wild Animals” to address conflicts between humans and wild animals; in 2009, the border forces in Hunchun noted that aside from regular border patrols, the forces will strengthen its crackdown on cross-border poaching and trapping activities. All these measures have created a sound external environment for the project. In 2008,Hunchun City was awarded the title of “Home to the Manchurian Tigers”, thus elevating the government’s concern over the tiger. 4 Ability to drive legislative change 1 = Lack of knowledge regarding political environment and unclear timeframe for advocacy; 4 = Depth of political knowledge and ability to push for appropriate changes within a given timeframe The current legal framework is instrumental to the implementation of the project, which doesn’t encompass changes in the legal framework. The commander of the local border forces has said that the forces will do its part in protecting wild animals. Therefore, we now have a sound environment for encouraging the forces to conduct patrols. 4 Average Score 4 Values and Norms Assessment of norms 1 = Plan is unconcerned with political and cultural norms 4 = Plan assesses and takes into account the values and norms governing the political and cultural environment Rare Pride campaign managers have, by means of qualitative investigations, conducted a thorough assessment of the cultural and political practices in Hunchun City. The investigations show that most of local community members consider it illegal and immoral to kill wild animals and undertake cross-border poaching activities. Despite knowledge of related laws, a few people are still engaged in poaching just to make money. The project has sufficiently considered the local values and practices to gradually harmonize the relationship between the local community and wild animals. 4 Ability to address normative obstacles 1 = Normative obstacles are too formidable to be overcome; 4 = Obstacles are manageable and a clear tack to address them is employed There are no insurmountable normative obstacles. 4 Average Score 4 BRAVO of Hunchun Rare Pride Campaign for Protecting the Manchurian Tiger, P.R.China Cultural/Political(Page 2)

9. Criteria Explanation Score Conservation Impact Likelihood of conservation impact 1 = Conservation impact is unlikely to be achieved; 4 = Conservation impact is very likely to be realized The forces’ patrols can effectively help the Reserve Administration strengthen its crackdown on poaching. When the numbers of such ungulates as wild boars, spotted deer, red deer and roe deer is on the rise, the local biodiversity can be well maintained. Consequently, the Manchurian Tiger will have sufficient foods and its population will grow. Additionally, confiscating traps can significantly improve the habitat of the Tiger, reduce the likelihood of tiger being injured or killed, and effectively protect the Tiger. In addition, the project will stem cross-border poaching and promote the ecological protection along the border area. 4 Impact sustainability 1 = The conservation impact goal is unlikely to be sustained in the long-term; 4 = The impact goal should be viable in the long-term As long as the poaching activities are curbed, the number of the Manchurian tiger population in Hunchun can continue to grow with the assistance from the Manchurian tiger population in neighboring Russia. 4 Average Score 4 BRAVO of Hunchun Rare Pride Campaign for Protecting the Manchurian Tiger, P.R.China Impact and Metrics(Page 1)

10. Criteria Explanation Score Tipping Points 1 st Tipping Point The 1st tipping point is when Rare,WCS and the Reserve Administration approve the project. The Rare Pride project will be launched upon its approval. The metric measuring this tipping point is the project plan approved by the three parties. 4 2 nd Tipping Point The 2 nd tipping point is the official launch of the patrols. The metric measuring the point is the establishment of checkpoints on the main roads to examine those people going into the mountains. 3.5 3 rd Tipping Point The 3rd tipping point is the declaration of seizing poached animals as a long-term routine task by the border forces. The metric measuring this point is the issuance of the order (documents should be used as the proof). 3.5 Average Score 3.7 Metrics Measurable outcomes 1 = The program lacks clear metrics or are difficult to measure; 4 = The program has established clear, measureable metrics The conservation outcomes are very easy to measure. Metric is the number of confiscated traps. We will use the line transect method in the measurement. The Reserve Administration has committed to conducting a yearly monitoring of the number of traps. What’s more important, we now can know the number of poachers seized by the forces. 4 Average Score 4 BRAVO of Hunchun Rare Pride Campaign for Protecting the Manchurian Tiger, P.R.China Impact and Metrics(Page 2)

11. CategorySubcategoryScore Average Category Score Feasibility Economics Costs 3.5 3 Revenues 2.5 Income Substitution Technical Technology 4 4 Capacity / Organizational Ability 4 Other Partners 4 Cultural / Political Community Leadership 4 4 Political Environment 4 Cultural Norms 4 Feasibility Score 3.6 Impact Impact and Metrics Conservation Impact 4 3.9 Tipping Points 3.7 Metrics 4 Impact Score 3.9 Barrier Removal Assessment and Viability Overview (BRAVO) Composite Score

12. BRAVO of Hunchun Rare Pride Campaign for Protecting the Manchurian Tiger, P.R.China Risk Factors Risk FactorsConsequenceMitigation Strategies No risks.

13. BRAVO of Hunchun Rare Pride Campaign for Protecting the Manchurian Tiger, P.R.China Authors and Approvals Lang JianminDirector of the Publicity and Education Center of Hunchun National Nature Reserve for the Manchurian Tiger, Jilin Province/campaign manager Liang HaitangAdministrative Director of the Wildlife Conservation Society Approved by: Hunchun National Nature Reserve for the Manchurian Tiger, Jilin Province