1. Waves of Immigration Rise of Urbanization Rise of Nativism Rise of Political Machines

2. “Old” Immigrants Location –Primarily from Northern and Western Europe Britain Ireland Germany Scandinavia Religious affiliation –Primarily protestants except for Catholic Irish

3. “Old” Immigrants Racial features –Primarily light-skinned Europeans Language barrier –Most spoke English or a language that was close to English Employability Skills –Primarily farmers or skilled craftsmen Settlements –Primarily settled on interior of America

4. “New” Immigrants Location –Southern and Eastern Europe Italy Greece Russia –Asia China –Latin America Mexico Religious affiliation –Primarily Catholic or Buddhist

5. “New” Immigrants Racial features –Primarily dark-skinned Europeans, Asians, and Latinos Language barrier –Most spoke a language that was not close to English Employability Skills –Primarily unskilled laborers Settlements –Primarily settled in cities nearest industrial centers

6. Immigration questions What qualities did immigrants have or not have that allowed for Nativists to call for the end of immigration? Which type of immigrant were labor unions skeptical about? Which core ideal supports the role of immigration?