1. Review  What is a pogrom?  What were two Jewish responses to pogroms?  What is the Bund? What political ideologies/parties was it associated with?

2. The American Experience Part I

3. In the Beginning: Early Settlement  Amongst the early settlers Joachim Gaunse  1654 – 23 Jews from Recife Plan to settle permanently in New Amsterdam Governor Stuyvesant wants to exclude them Dutch West India Company wants them to stay

4. In the Beginning: Jews and the British Colonies  British Colonies – Religious Freedom  Massachusetts Founded by Puritans Didn’t allow non-Puritans  Georgia 42 Jews – 1733 Governor allows them to settle based on colony’s charter Sees economic advantage

5. In the Beginning: Revolutionary War  Jews in American for over 100 years  During the War Patriots – same grievances Loyalists – given rights by Great Britain Francis Salvador – killed in battle in 1776  Jewish Rights in a time of war Hart Jacobs  Significance Few Jews in America First war in which Jews allowed to participate

6. In the Beginning: George Washington  Visits The Touro Synagogue in Rhode Island  “Demean yourselves as good citizens” Assures citizenship Hopes for peace What is a “good citizen”?

7. Religious & Civil Rights I  Basis for new government from beginning Declaration of Independence (1776)  Virginia Act of 1785 Religious Freedom  Constitution of the United States of America (1789) Article VI

8. Religious & Civil Rights II  Jewish Army Chaplains Civil War Mainly Jewish Unit Abraham Lincoln Approves  General Order Number Eleven General Ulysses S. Grant Jews expelled from Kentucky, Tennessee, and Mississippi. Abraham Lincoln Revoked

9. Immigration: Why?  Primary Sources Proclamation to the Jews (p. 459) Off to America! (p. 463)  Directions Be prepared to share your document with the class  What is the context for your document?  What specific points does it make? How do Jews view America?  Why is it significant?

10. Immigration: Who & When  3 Waves of Immigration Sephardic  Early colonists Ashkenazic Jews – 1820-1880  Germany, Poland, Austria  Religious adaptation  Charitable organizations Ashkenazic Jews – 1880 – 1924  Russia and Poland  Traditional Judaism  Bund and Zionism

11. Next Class  Preview Anti-Semitism in America Religious Adaptation – Similar and Different than Germany