1. Physical and Chemical Properties

2. All substances have properties… Including people!
Example:
People can be identified by their …
Face (shape, expressions)
Voice
Height
Finger prints
Eye color
Hair color
Teeth
DNA

3. What are properties? Matter has observable and measurable qualities.
We can use general properties to identify substances.
Two basic types of properties of matter: Physical properties and Chemical properties:

4. Physical Properties
Physical properties are used to identify, describe and classify matter.
Characteristic of a substance that can be observed (using your senses) without changing the substance into something else.
State
Colour
Odour
Taste
Texture
Melting point
Boiling point
Density

5. Physical Properties
Physical properties can be classified as qualitative or quantitative.

6. Physical Properties
Qualitative properties describe matter using words. They cannot be measured or expressed numerically (no numbers involved).
ex. water is colourless, odourless

7. Physical Properties
Quantitative properties can be measured and expressed numerically (numbers are involved).
ex. the melting point of water is 0°C

8. Chemical Properties
Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts with another substance to form a new substance
Flammability
Rusting
Reactivity with metals
Reactivity with oxygen
Reactivity with water
Reactivity with acids

9. Physical & Chemical Change

10. Physical & Chemical Change

11. Physical Changes
do not produce new substances (it’s still the same substance with same properties)
involve only one substance (except dissolving)
are changes in form (powder, crystal, cubes, granular) or state (solid, liquid, or gas)
most are easily reversible

12. Examples of Physical Changes:
Changes of state (boiling, melting, freezing, condensation, sublimation)
Dissolving (ex. Dissolving sugar in water - the sugar particles spread out, but they are still there, as sugar particles.)

13. Chemical Changes
always produce a new substance which has different properties from the starting substance(s)
involve more than one substance
many are not reversible

14. Examples of Chemical Changes:
Burning paper (the gases and black substance formed are new substances, and cannot be reversed back to paper)
Rusting nails (rust formed is a new substance, formed from the metal and oxygen)

15. How can we tell if a chemical change has occurred?
Look for clues that a new substance has formed

16. Clues that indicate that a new substance has formed in a chemical reaction are;
colour change (not a blending of the initial colours)
gas (bubbles) is produced (not from boiling)
a solid (precipitate) is formed when two solutions are mixed together
energy is released (usually heat or light) or absorbed (substance feels colder), but not because of heating with a burner or cooling with ice etc.
odour change / new odour

17. Physical or Chemical Change?

18. Physical or Chemical Change?

19. Physical or Chemical Change?

20. Physical or Chemical Change?

21. Physical or Chemical Change?

22. Physical or Chemical Change?