2. The Missouri Compromise provided that Missouri be admitted as a slave state, Maine be admitted as a free state, and A.all of the Louisiana Territory north of the northern boundary of Missouri be closed to slavery. B.all of the Louisiana Territory north of 36°30’ be closed to slavery. C.the entire Louisiana Territory be open to slavery. D.the lands south of 36°30’ be guaranteed to slavery and the lands north of it negotiable. E.all of the Louisiana Territory north of the southern boundary of Missouri be closed to slavery for 30 years.

3. A Slave Boy Learns a LessonJames Hammond Proclaims Cotton King What Do You Know: What Can You Infer: What Do You Know: What Can You Infer:

4. » Examine your assigned documents:  What do you know? (facts derived from the document)  What can you infer? (conclusions, connections, significance) » Please write the information on your own paper.

5. Arguments in FavorArguments in Opposition Who tends to supportWho tends to oppose

6. Was slavery more of a burden or a benefit to Antebellum America?

7. Characteristics of the Antebellum South 1.Primarily agrarian. 2.Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South.” 3.“Cotton Is King!” * 1860--> 5 mil. bales a yr. (57% of total US exports). 4.Very slow development of industrialization. 5.Rudimentary financial system. 6.Inadequate transportation system.

8. Southern Society (1850) “Slavocracy” [plantation owners] The “Plain Folk” [white yeoman farmers] 6,000,000 Black Freemen Black Slaves 3,200,000 250,000 Total US Population --> 23,000,000 [9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

9. Southern Population (1860)

10. Slave-Owning Families (1850)

11. » Invention of cotton gin made cotton the staple Southern crop. » Northern merchants and textile mills, as well as Europe, depended on Southern cotton production – King Cotton. » By 1840, 50% of U.S. export profits were from cotton. » Demand for cotton = demand for slaves.

12. »Agricultural focus produced unstable economy  Exhausted land  Fluctuating prices  Discouraged industry and immigration  “false” prosperity »Plantation system  Economy and government run by small group  Social Stratification Planter elite Small farmers Poor whites

13. Southern Agriculture

14. Changes in Cotton Production 1820 1860

15. Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US Exports

16. » Unequal distribution  most slaves owned by planter elite  poor whites still defended b/c dreamed of being slave owners and racial superiority » Sustaining Slavery  importation outlawed in 1808  were investment, so wanted to keep slaves alive and encourage procreation  majority of the population in the deep south; development of slave culture » Treatment of Slaves  sources of labor and sexual satisfaction  long hours and harsh conditions  beatings  separation of families

17. Slave-Owning Population (1850)

18. »By slaves  work slowly  steal  sabotage equipment  poison owners  rebel or run away »By abolitionists  American Colonization Society (1817) Liberia (1822)  American Anti-Slavery Society (1833) William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator  Sojourner Truth; Frederick Douglas »Racial inequality common in the north

19. » 90% of slaves lived on plantations or farms » Most slaves on cotton plantations worked sunup to sundown, 6 days/week » About 75% of slaves were field workers, about 5% worked in industry » Urban slaves had more autonomy than rural slaves

20. » Normal family life difficult for slaves ˃ fathers cannot always protect children ˃ families vulnerable to breakup by masters » Most reared in strong, two-parent families » Extended families provide nurture, support amid horror of slavery » Slave culture a family culture that provided a sense of community

21. Slave Resistance 1.“SAMBO” pattern of behavior used as a charade in front of whites [the innocent, laughing black man caricature – bulging eyes, thick lips, big smile, etc.].

22. Slave Resistance 2.Refusal to work hard. 3.Isolated acts of sabotage. 4.Escape via the Underground Railroad.

23. The Culture of Slavery 1.Black Christianity [Baptists or Methodists]: * more emotional worship services. * negro spirituals. 2.“Pidgin” or Gullah languages. 3.Nuclear family with extended kin links, where possible. 4.Importance of music in their lives. [esp. spirituals].

25. » Tightened slave codes » Paternalistic argument » Religious argument » Comparisons to Northern factories » Economic necessity for the entire nation

26. » Using information gathered from at least three of the sources we examined today, answer the following: Was slavery more of a burden or a benefit to Antebellum America? **DON’T QUOTE the documents – use inferences drawn from the documents **response should be a minimum of a 5-sentence paragraph