1. Looking at social movements against the backdrop of economic and political revolutions 1820-1860

2. Essential Question

3. For each topic we will develop a topic sentence related to our focus question. After we discuss evidence, we will decide which evidence fits depending upon our argument. [class divided into three groups: great increase, only moderate increase and decline in practice]

4. How did American manufacturers compete w/ Britain? How did industry compete with artisan republicanism? What was the role of state and national gov’t in transportation? What were the different types of cities? What were the defining characteristics of new social classes?

5. Regional divide Democratic participation Political parties Republicanism v. Democracy Role of Central Gov’t

6. How did transcendentalists promote ideas of “radical freedom”? Puritan and Protestant ideals Nature and Individualism Rejection of tradition The “first” American Literary tradition Thoreau Fuller Whitman Hawthorne Melville

7. Shakers Fourierism Oneida Community Mormonism Oneida Mansion 1828

8. Contrasting with communalism? Results of economic evolution? Results of immigrant/migrant infusion? Sex and Prostitution Popular Entertainment Live action, fights Theatre Minstrel shows Nativism Escape from racism

9. http:// How were these cultures different from the mainstream culture described in Ch. 8 & 9? Shakers Pittsburgh 1830

10. Slavery contrary to republicanism Immoral (2 nd Great Awakening) Uplift Education Temperance Hard work Northern Reactions Protests Riots Inherent racism David Walker (MA) Nat Turner (VA) Northern Evangelicals Garrison Welde Grimke

11. Rural/Urban Support Anti-Slavery Society Communication Underground Railroad **10% avid abolitionists in North… Don’t forget that northerners did NOT necess. See blacks as equals…

12. Anti-abolitionism Attack on slavery = attack on all property “Societal institutions would be overthrown” Racial fears led to mob violence South banned abolitionists Gov’t enforce anti- abolition Clergy opposed women’s involvement Garrison-exception American & Foreign Anti-slavery Society Divisions within Mvt

13. Religious Revivals & New Econ Independ. Gender roles Workers’ rights Abolition Equality for women Prison reform Suffrage Economic Influence

14. More liberty Women’s independence Urban collectivism Temperance Abolition-states’ rights Abolition-property rights Limits on liberty

15. Add notations to your chart from the previous slide.

16. Essential Question

17. Individualism and Transcendentalism expanded the liberty of thought with writing…