1. ILC （前座） ＪＰＳ Ｍｅｅｔｉｎｇ 23 March 2008 Kinki University (Osaka) Sachio Komamiya Department of Physics and ICEPP, The University of Tokyo Subordinate of the principle speakers: Barry Barish and Sakue Yamada

2. Ｓｃｉｅｎ ｃｅ Global understanding of the field: We are at the entrance of the revolutionary epoch of particle physics. The outstanding problems of particle physics can be solved by direct measurements at the energy frontier colliders (examine first results at LHC and then ILC). Higgs (EWSB, mass ⇔ structure of the vacuum) Higgs (EWSB, mass ⇔ structure of the vacuum) SUSY (or alternative, TeV scale new physics) SUSY (or alternative, TeV scale new physics) The scientific indispensability of the Linear Collider has never changed. The International Linear Collider is the highest priority project in high energy physics after the LHC construction

3. Three pillars of the Standard Model The material is made up with Quarks and Leptons The material is made up with Quarks and Leptons 3 Generations×4 Types ＝ 12 Flavors All discovered ☑ 3 Generations×4 Types ＝ 12 Flavors All discovered ☑ Forces between particles are mediated by Gauge Bosons Forces between particles are mediated by Gauge Bosons All discovered. Precise tests at LEP et al. ☑ All discovered. Precise tests at LEP et al. ☑ Higgs Boson breaks Gauge Symmetry ⇒ Origin of Mass Higgs Boson breaks Gauge Symmetry ⇒ Origin of Mass (not yet experimentally proven) (not yet experimentally proven) LeptonsQuarks GaugeInteractions Higgs Boson The Standard Model was established in the very end of the last millennium by a combined experimental and theoretical studies.

4. Energy budget of the Universe (1) CBR fluctuation (WMAP et al.) (2) Large scale structure of galaxy cluster distribution (3) Type 1a SN distribution (4) Big Bang Nuclear Synthesis We only know 5% of the universe. Dark Matter: LSP of SUSY ? Dark Energy/Inflation: Scalar particle with the vacuum quantum number ??? We only know 5% of the universe. Dark Matter: LSP of SUSY ? Dark Energy/Inflation: Scalar particle with the vacuum quantum number ??? Cosmology vs Particle Physics

5. So many things are not understood Why there are three generations of quarks and leptons with different masses ? Why there are three generations of quarks and leptons with different masses ? (Why neutrinos are so light and top quark is so heavy ?) (Why neutrinos are so light and top quark is so heavy ?) Is there a fundamental Higgs boson ? Relation between mass and vacuum structure ? Is there a fundamental Higgs boson ? Relation between mass and vacuum structure ? Why there are four kinds of interactions ? Unification with the gravity ? Why there are four kinds of interactions ? Unification with the gravity ? Why the space-time has 3+1 dimensions ? Are there any extra-dimensions ? Why the space-time has 3+1 dimensions ? Are there any extra-dimensions ? What is the dark matter ? What is the dark matter ? What is the dark energy ? What is the dark energy ? Where Do We Come From? Where Do We Come From? Where Do We Come From? Where Do We Come From? What Are We? What Are We? What Are We? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Where Are We Going? Where Are We Going? Where Are We Going? Some of these questions can be answered by LHC/ILC. be answered by LHC/ILC. Yoichiro Nambu (Chicago) pioneer of many theoretical ideas

6. History of Synergy between Hadron-hadron and e + e - Collision Experiments Charm quark AGS/SPEAR (1974 November Revolution) Charm quark AGS/SPEAR (1974 November Revolution) Tau SPEAR Tau SPEAR Bottom quark Fermilab/DORIS-II/B-Factories Bottom quark Fermilab/DORIS-II/B-Factories Gluons Scaling Violation, Jet p t Distribution /PETRA Gluons Scaling Violation, Jet p t Distribution /PETRA Weak Bosons SppS/LEP, SLC(Z) Weak Bosons SppS/LEP, SLC(Z) Top quark (LEP)/TEVATRON Top quark (LEP)/TEVATRON Higgs Boson (LEP,TEVATRON)/LHC/ILC Higgs Boson (LEP,TEVATRON)/LHC/ILC SUSY particles LHC/ILC SUSY particles LHC/ILC

7. Story of Top Quark and Higgs Boson From precise electro- weak measurements at LEP, top mass was predicted Precise Measurement of Top mass at the TEVATRON Higgs mass is restricted to a narrow range using precise top mass and LEP electro-weak data Discovery to Top Discovery of Higgs at LHC Precise measurements of Higgs properties at ILC top Higgs Z Z Z Z

8. Detector Issues ( ⇒ Sakue ’ s Talk) Balance between The highest physics outcome : Put all the budget into one state-of-the-art detector by a truly international collaboration might be more effective. In order to cross-check the results at least two detectors are needed (parameter committee ILCSC) The sociology of the community: The ILC physics/detector community is large enough to have two detectors. We need some competition. ATLAS/CMS, H1/ZEUS, BaBar/Belle, … ATLAS/CMS, H1/ZEUS, BaBar/Belle, …

9. SiD LDC GLD ATLAS@LHC Diameter 25 m Barrel toroid length 26 m End-cap end-wall chamber span 46 m Overall weight 7000 Tons Detector sensors 110M channels ４ｔｈ ILD As the experimental environment is clean at ILC, state-of-the-art detectors are able to be and have to be build.

10. Ｇｒａｎｄ Ｕｎｉ ｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ILD ?? ??? We do not know what will happen

11. Grand Unification ILD ?? ??? ?

12. Accelerator Issues ( ⇒ Barry ’ s talk) Cost reduction with risk management Heroic efforts of further cost reduction is going on by GDE lead by Barry. In the R&D and design stage, accelerator physicists/engineers need to keep high motivation and creativeness which are essential for further breakthrough in high performance and further cost reduction with keeping the risk level low. We need to identify the components for plug-compatible approach. This might be an efficient way for the truly efficient international collaboration towards industrialization, since all the components cannot be fabricated in one country. (Akira Yamamoto) Machine Parameters After the first LHC results, we (ILCSC) have to go back to the parameter optimization. We need to prepare for the situation. Collaboration with CLIC Although the level of technological maturity is very different, it is worth collaborating with CLIC for possible common items. ⇒ CERN involvement

13. ILCSC Current Members: Large Lab Directors: Robert Aymar, Albrecht Wagner, Pier Oddone, Atsuto Suzuki, Persis Drell Large Lab Directors: Robert Aymar, Albrecht Wagner, Pier Oddone, Atsuto Suzuki, Persis Drell Chair of Regional LC Steering Committee: Won Namkung, Karlheinz Meier, Satoshi Ozaki Chair of Regional LC Steering Committee: Won Namkung, Karlheinz Meier, Satoshi Ozaki Chair: Enzo Iarocci Chair: Enzo Iarocci China, Russia, Other: Hesheng Chen, Alexander Skrinsky, Shin-Chang Lee China, Russia, Other: Hesheng Chen, Alexander Skrinsky, Shin-Chang Lee Rep. of Regional Community: Sachio Komamiya, Francois Richard, Jim Brau Rep. of Regional Community: Sachio Komamiya, Francois Richard, Jim Brau Secretary: Roy Rubinstein Secretary: Roy Rubinstein Primary role: Promote the construction of an Electron-positron Linear Collider through world-wide collaboration. In so doing the Committee will give particular attention to outreach, science, technology and organization of the LC project.

14. 2002: ILCSC was established by ICFA at ICHEP Amsterdam The first ILCSC chair: M. Tigner 2002: ILCSC was established by ICFA at ICHEP Amsterdam The first ILCSC chair: M. Tigner 2003: ITRP (International Technology Review Panel) was started. chair: B. Barish 2003: ITRP (International Technology Review Panel) was started. chair: B. Barish 2004: ITRP chose superconducting technology for the main linac. Report to ILCSC/ICFA at ICHEP Beijing 2004: ITRP chose superconducting technology for the main linac. Report to ILCSC/ICFA at ICHEP Beijing First ILC workshop in KEK First ILC workshop in KEK 2005: Establish GDE(Global Design Effort) 2005: Establish GDE(Global Design Effort) director: B. Barish director: B. Barish Second ILC Workshop in Snowmass Second ILC Workshop in Snowmass chair: Shin-ichi Kurokawa chair: Shin-ichi Kurokawa 2007: RDR report with cost from GDE to ILCSC/ICFA at Beijing LCWS07 2007: RDR report with cost from GDE to ILCSC/ICFA at Beijing LCWS07 Chair: Enzo Iarocci Chair: Enzo Iarocci Black December Black December 2008: Tohoku ACFA-LCWS + GDE 2008: Tohoku ACFA-LCWS + GDE

15. International Technology Review Panel

16. Feb. 2007 GDE: ILC RDR was handed to ICFA chair (Albrecht Wagner)

17. Barry Barish (Caltech ) Director of GDE (Global Design Effort) Energy, Leadership, Challenging Spirit

18. Wisdom, Leadership High cultural physicist Research Director of ILC Experiments Sakue Yamada (KEK/Tokyo)

19. Summary After the December Reaction (black December) last year, the community gains even tighter solidarity and stronger strategy. After the December Reaction (black December) last year, the community gains even tighter solidarity and stronger strategy. We should be prepared for the first significant LHC physics results expected within a few years to realize the International Linear Collider project. We should be prepared for the first significant LHC physics results expected within a few years to realize the International Linear Collider project. ⇒ Barry and Sakue （真打登場！）